Pharmaceutics I Introduction 1 Pharmaceutics Pharmaceutics is the

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Pharmaceutics I Introduction 1

Pharmaceutics I Introduction 1

Pharmaceutics • Pharmaceutics is the science of dosage form design. • There are many

Pharmaceutics • Pharmaceutics is the science of dosage form design. • There are many chemicals with known pharmacological properties but a raw chemical is of no use to a patient. • Pharmaceutics deals with the formulation of a pure drug substance into a dosage form. 2

Pharmaceutical dosage form – determines the physical form of the final pharmaceutical preparation. –

Pharmaceutical dosage form – determines the physical form of the final pharmaceutical preparation. – is a drug delivery system which is formed by technological processing (drug formulation). – must reflect therapeutic intentions, route of administrations, dosing etc. – Pharmaceutical dosage form consists of : Active Drug Substance Excipients 3

• Subjects to discuss • Active pharmaceutical ingredient - API. • Direct clinical

• Subjects to discuss • Active pharmaceutical ingredient - API. • Direct clinical use of the active drug substances „as they are“ is rare due to a number of good reasons • The Need for Dosage Forms • Excipients • Pharmaceutical preparation (PP) 4

Classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to physical properties – Gaseous dosage forms –

Classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to physical properties – Gaseous dosage forms – Liquid dosage forms – Semisolid dosage forms – Solid dosage forms 5

Classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to the route of administration – for systemic

Classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to the route of administration – for systemic administration • Peroral (p. o) • Sublingual (S. L) and buccal. • Rectal • Parenteral • Transdermal • Inhalation 6

– for local administration • Topical (on the skin or mucosa) Into/onto - the

– for local administration • Topical (on the skin or mucosa) Into/onto - the eye, nose, ear - the oral cavity - the vagina, rectum - the skin • Oral (local effect within GIT; antacids, adsorbents) 7

Route of Drug Administration

Route of Drug Administration

Routs of Drug administration • The possible routes of drug entry into the body

Routs of Drug administration • The possible routes of drug entry into the body may be divided into two classes: – Enteral – Parenteral

Parenteral Route of Drug Administration • • • Parenteral Routes: Intravenous bolus )IV( Intravenous

Parenteral Route of Drug Administration • • • Parenteral Routes: Intravenous bolus )IV( Intravenous infusion (IV inf( Intramuscular injection (IM( Subcutaneous injection )SC( Inhalation

Enteral Routes • Enteral - drug placed directly in the GI tract: – sublingual

Enteral Routes • Enteral - drug placed directly in the GI tract: – sublingual (SL)- placed under the tongue – oral - swallowing (p. o. ) – rectum )PR) - Absorption through the rectum

Inhalation and intranasal • Rapid absorption. • Total dose absorbed is variable. • May

Inhalation and intranasal • Rapid absorption. • Total dose absorbed is variable. • May be used for local or systemic effects. • May stimulate cough reflex. • Some drug may be swallowed.

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