pgd wed 1 4 School of Entrepreneurship Procurement

pgd wed. 1 -4 School of Entrepreneurship, Procurement and Management (SEPM); Department of Entrepreneurship and Technology, Leadership and Management (ETLM) HPS 2112: ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILLS Prof. Henry M. Bwisa bwihem@yahoo. com; www. mukmik. co. ke 0722858507 5/30/2016 H. M. BWISA 1

Disclaimer • Some materials used in compiling these notes were obtained from a number of internet sources. This was done in full recognition of copyright and plagiarism rules and regulations and the aspects which allow for fair use including teaching purposes.

My delivery philosophy 1946 Confucius 450 BC David Kolb - 1984 5/30/2016 Benjamin Bloom 1956 H. M. BWISA 3

Teaching method and instructional materials INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS • Lectures and readings • Group and individual assignments and discussions • Field studies and observations • Case studies • INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS • Boards, lecture notes, reading materials, case studies/successful stories, computer, and projector. 5/30/2016 H. M. BWISA 4

COURSE STRUCTURE ACTIVITY START-END DURATION % OF TOTAL TIME CLASSROOM LECTURES WEEK 1 -4 4 WEEKS 27 FIELD WORK WEEK 5 - 11 7 WEEKS 47 CLASS PRESENTATIONS WEEK 12 -14 3 WEEKS 20 EXAMINATION WEEK 15 1 WEEK 06 TOTALS WEEK 1 -15 15 WEEKS 100 CHANGES IN SEMESTER DURATION WILL BE ACCOMMODATED ON PRO RATA BASIS 5/30/2016 H. M. BWISA 5

Unit course assessment • ASSESSMENT MODE MARKS • • • Class participation 10% Group presentations 20% Continuous assessment tests 20% End of semester project 50% TOTAL 100% 5/30/2016 H. M. BWISA 6

Course evaluations • The course will be evaluated via class participation, group presentations and an end of semester project as an examination • CATs will comprise of regular classroom queries and class presentations • End of semester project will be a practical assignment that addresses real issues in the Kenyan environment and calls for the application of theoretical knowledge gained from this unit in particular and other course units in general 5/30/2016 H. M. BWISA 7

The philosophy and approach of the course The course will be conducted on Confucius’ philosophy of: • I hear and I forget • I see and I remember • I do and I understand 5/30/2016 H. M. BWISA 8

References 1) MAKE COMPREHENSIVE USE OF THE INTERNET ENGINES 2) For general aspects visit www. professorbwisa. com; www. mukmik. com 5/30/2016 H. M. BWISA 9

• Meaning of skill; entrepreneurial skills Skill is the ability to do something well; expertise; an ability to do an activity or job well, especially because you have practiced it • Entrepreneurial skills are the basic skills necessary to enable you start, develop, finance and succeed in your home enterprise. • Entrepreneurial skill can be defined as the ability to create something new with value by devoting the necessary time and effort, assuming the accompanying financial, psychic and social risks, and receiving the resulting rewards of monetary and personal satisfaction and independence (Hisrich & Peters, 2002). • Entrepreneurial skill is the ability of an individual to exploit an idea and create an enterprise (Small or Big) not only for personal gain but also for social and developmental gain (Olagunju, 2004).

• The need to develop entrepreneurial skills among students in the classroom has taken a global dimension due to growing graduate unemployment and economic recession. School-industry link is one of the pedagogy practices to enhance students learning of entrepreneurial skills in the classroom. Linkages between educational institutions and industries allow students to explore the opportunities of self employment through the practical and direct involvement of local businesses. www. globalacademicgroup. com/. . . /Effecti

CAT AND EXAMINATION ASSIGNMENTS CAT • • In a group of not more than three: 1. Select a given product/service/technology/problem etc that you think requires an innovation 2. apply the scamper technique to it. 3. design the innovation for presentation in class Your presentation should cover the following aspect: a) name of the innovation b) problem it addresses c) aspect(s) of scamper involved EXAMINATION Brand yourself as an entrepreneur, identify a business you want to start and present its canvas.

Personal branding

Your Business Canvas template

Guide to filling business canvas My business will be……………… Customer Segments: Who will be your customers? Value Propositions: What value will you give the customers with your business? Channels: How will you reach the customers? Customer Relationships: How will you be interacting with the customers? Revenue Streams: How will the business earn money? Key Activities: What uniquely things will you do or offer? Key Resources: What resources will you need? Key Partnerships: What partnerships might/will you require? Cost Structure: What will be your key areas for expenditure?

• • • RULES FOR THE END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION YOU MAY WORK IN GROUPS BUT THE END PROJECT MUST BE INDIVIDUAL PROJECTS FOUND TO BE SIMILAR WILL BE CONSIDERED AN EXAMINATION IRREGULARITY (CHEATING) AND MARKED OUT OF ZERO PERCENT A SOFT COPY OF THE PROJECT MUST BE SUBMITTED TO bwihem@yahoo. com LATEST A DAY BEFORE THE OFFICIAL UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION DATE A HARD COPY MUST BE SUBMITTED (NO PRESENTATIONS) IN PERSON ON THE OFFICIAL UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION DAY EVERY STUDENT WILL SIGN THE EXAMINATION ROLL CALL ON SUBMISSION OF THE HARD COPY FAILURE TO SUBMIT BY THE SAID DEADLINES WILL BE DEEMED AN EXAMINATION FAILURE I. E. A ZERO MARK WILL BE AWARDED

Course description • Entrepreneurship and self employment. Importance of self employment. Entrepreneurial opportunities; business opportunities and matching skills and resources to changing technology. Entrepreneurial awareness; types of business finance, problems of starting and operating a small enterprise, entrepreneurial motivation, internal motivation factors. Techniques of self assessment and external motivation factors. Entrepreneurial competencies. Enterprises management and business planning.

SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEURS VISUALIZE SUCCESS ENTREPRENEURIALLY LETTER MEANING REMARKS S SET YOUR GOAL Entrepreneurs set SMART goals. They believe that if you do not know where you are going then you either go nowhere or any road will led you there U UNDERSTAND THE OBSTACLES Entrepreneurs belief that a slip is not a fall. They see opportunities in obstacles C CREATE POSITIVE MENTAL PICTURE Entrepreneurs always see the glass as half-full never halfway or half empty; they are realistically optimistic C CLEAR YOUR MIND OF SELF DOUBT Entrepreneurs are self-confident E EMBRACE THE CHALLENGE Entrepreneurs take calculated risks to address the challenges they face S STAY ON TRACK Entrepreneurs are focussed. They keep the eye on the ball S SHOW THE WORLD YOU CAN DO IT Entrepreneurs think globally even if they may act locally

Entrepreneurs convert from poor to rich P PASSING R REAP O O R OVER I C H INCOMES OPPORTUNITIES REPEATEDLY CONSISTENTLY & HONESTLY

SCAMPER METHOD TOOL FOR MORE GREAT IDEAS

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation • SCAMPER is attributed to Bob Eberle, author of books about creativity for children aimed at teachers. • SCAMPER is a great way to stimulate innovation or to modify existing products or ideas. To use it, you can apply any of 7 different actions to your ideas. 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation SCAMPER stands for • S Substitute (components, materials, people) • C Combine (mix, combine with other assemblies or services, integrate) • A Adapt (alter, change function, use part of another element) • M Modify/Magnify/Minify (increase or reduce in scale, change shape, modify attributes) • P Put to other uses • E Eliminate (remove elements, simplify, reduce to core functionality) • R Rearrange/Reverse (turn inside out or upside down) 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Substitute white board for black board 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Substitute Bamboo for metal 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Substitute Solar power for kerosene 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Substitute aluminium for steel 26/11/2020

SCAMPER • Combine your ideas (i. e. spoon + fork = spork) 11/26/2020 H. M. Bwisa (2012) 28

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Combine – spoon + fork = spork 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Combine shampoo+ oil 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Combine CNG + electric 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Combine car + scooter 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Combine motorcycle + kneeling chair 26/11/2020 http: //www. dechavesgarage. com/design/e 06. php

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Adapt – road bike into a mountain bike 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Adapt – bicycle as a farm tiller and seeder 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Adapt van as a mobile office 26/11/2020 Volkswagenpedia. org

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Adapt computer fan mimics owl’s wing http: //www. technospot. net/blogs/technologies-inspired-by-nature/ 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Adapt robotic arm mimics an elephant’s trunk 26/11/2020 http: //www. azorobotics. com/Details. asp? news. ID=469

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Magnify • Stretch Limousine Minify Desktop into a Notebook Modify (which can be either of the above) 26/11/2020

SCAMPER • Modify (i. e. SUV with retractable roof • Magnify (i. e. stretch Hummer) • Minify (i. e. desktop into a laptop) 11/26/2020 H. M. Bwisa (2012) 40

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Put to other uses – car tyres used as swings 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Put to other use Mirror - rear view 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Put to other use Bottle as a display case 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Put to other use CD Drive as a clock Source: http: //www. ecofriend. org/entry/eco-friendly-desktop-clock-with-a-cd/ 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Put to other use Car exterior as solar panels Eve Concept Vehicle 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Eliminate – cordless telephone 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Eliminate reverse gear 360 deg rotating cabin Nissan Pivo 2 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Reverse/Rearrange • motor run backwards = a generator 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Reverse/Rearrange 26/11/2020 • exchange the position of the digital display and the buttons • buttons easier to press as they are larger • angled time display is easier to read

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Reverse/Rearrange 26/11/2020 • reverse door peep-hole • see into a room from the outside

Nano Design - SCAMPER 2 -Cylinder Engine Adapt No Air-bag / AC / Power Windows Eliminate Adhesive for Welding Substitute Plastic for Metal Substitute 26/11/2020 Size just 10 ft X 5 ft Minimize

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Peacock Team: Seat Belt Improvement Elephant Team: Bottle Holder Improvment 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Peacock Team: Seat Belt Improvement 26/11/2020

SCAMPER – Tool for Innovation Elephant Team: Bottle Holder Improvment 26/11/2020

3 SCAMPER

• Lets look at the normal office stationary

(S) Substitute something – elements, information, individuals. 11/26/2020 H. M. Bwisa (2012) 57

(C) Combine several parts of your problem to get something different and achieve synergy 11/26/2020 H. M. Bwisa (2012) 58

(A) Adapt or change certain components of your issue, alter its function, use part of another component 11/26/2020 H. M. Bwisa (2012) 59

(M) Modify or Magnify part of the problem, or approach it in an unordinary way 11/26/2020 H. M. Bwisa (2012) 60

(P) Put the issue to some other use. Come up with other ways to use your product or services. Ask yourself how you can solve your problem by reimplementing something from areas that have nothing to do with your current issue 11/26/2020 H. M. Bwisa (2012) 61

(R) Rearrange (or reverse). Think of what you might do if part of your problem/process/product was implemented in a different order or functioned in reverse. It helps you see your situation from different perspectives. 11/26/2020 H. M. Bwisa (2012) 62

11/26/2020 H. M. Bwisa (2012) 63

• Let’s differentiate between entrepreneurship skills (competencies) and traits (qualities, characteristics)

• Personal traits or qualities or characteristics are what make an individual different from others. We each have our own blend of characteristics. Traits last a lifetime. A trait is something that you would have been born with e. g. patience, tolerance etc. It is something that will improve as you get older as it is a part of your personality. Traits are your natural abilities. They are a part of who you are, what you do and why you do it. In terms of entrepreneurship, we hear of…. entrepreneurs are born. This means that there are people who are natural entrepreneurs. • Skills are things you can be taught; you can acquire after birth. They are things you do well and what most performance comments are based upon, such as having good writing abilities and being a clear communicator. A skill is something that you learn to do over a period of time. During education or work you will learn new skills that you can use for different things. For example you can learn the skill of using a camera while studying a media subject. In terms of entrepreneurship, we hear of…. entrepreneurs are made. • Some traits can be learned. This means that there are some overlaps between traits and skills. It is now widely recognized that some entrepreneurs are both born but many are made (trained).

BWISA’S PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTERISTICS (PECS) from the word entrepreneurs The word /letter The characteristic E Envisioning (goal setting) – also a skill N Novelty minded (innovativeness, creativity) T Tolerant (perseverance) R Responsibility E Enterprising (resourceful, industriousness) P Passion R Risk-taking ----- also a skill E Energetic N Networking ------ also a skill E Efficient (and effective) ----- also a skill U Unstoppable R Realistic S Self-confidence

Bwisa’s key entrepreneurship skills from the word entrepreneurs The skill Elaboration Envisioning Entrepreneurs must be able to envision, set goals and strategically plan their affairs Negotiation Entrepreneurs not only negotiate prices, they also persuasively resolve differences between themselves and customers and other people in a positive, mutually beneficial way. Trend-setting Entrepreneurs must be able to see changes coming in their industry. They must keep up to date on new startups and technology advances. They must have the creative ability to lead as others follow Reading Entrepreneurs do just read documents, they also read and interpret the times and trends and indeed read the moods of the market Entertaining The ability to be entertaining boosts entrepreneurial success Problem-solving Entrepreneurs use their problem analysis and solving skills like Cause & Effect Analysis, the 5 Whys etc. as a cornerstone for their success Risk-taking It is not just taking risk; it is taking calculated risk. Entrepreneurs do business plans to minimize risks Ethical Entrepreneurs understand that the customer is king and treat him/her ethically Networking It is said that “You are the average of the five people you spend the most time with. ” entrepreneurs connect with positive and like-minded people. They believe in alliances Efficiency In order to handle the pressures of their busy lifestyles, entrepreneurs must have the ability to manage time well and to take care of personal business efficiently and effectively Understanding It is not just reading. To correctly interpret the reading entrepreneurs must understand the reading; the situation; the customer. They must have the ability to read and understand the market Resiliency Entrepreneurs recognize that not everything goes as planned. They learn to weather the business ups and downs. This skill enables the entrepreneur to keep going when the outlook is bleak. Selling Entrepreneurs must sell. They must sell ideas, products etc. to customers, investors or employees.

The end See u at www. mukmik. co. ke and www. professorbwisa. com