Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute DOUBLE POLARIZED DDFUSION P

Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute DOUBLE POLARIZED DD-FUSION P. Kravtsov, N. Chernov, K. Grigoryev, I. Ivanov, E. Komarov, L. Kotchenda, M. Mikirtychyants, S. Sherman, S. Terekhin V. Trofimov, A. Vasilyev, M. Vznuzdaev Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia R. Engels, L. Kroell, F. Rathmann, H. Stroeher IKP, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany H. Paetz Gen. Schieck IKP, University of Cologne, Germany M. Marusina, S. Kiselev University ITMO, St. Petersburg, Russia 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 1

Participating Institutions Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Russia Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany Cologne University, Germany KVI, Gronningen, Netherlands University ITMO, St. Petersburg, Russia Ferrara University, Italy (? ) Financial support: ISTC project #3881 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Ministry of Science and Education 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 2

Double polarized dd-fusion The main 4 -nucleon fusion reaction – good testing ground for microscopic calculations d + d t+p 3 He +n • Systematic measurements of the spin-correlation coefficients • Cross section increase [R. M. Kulsrud et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1248 (1982)] 3 He+d → 4 He+p : Factor ~1. 5 at 430 ke. V [Ch. Leemann et al. , Annals of Phys. 66, 810 (1971)] • Neutrons suppression Quintet suppression factor [H. Paetz gen. Schieck, Eur. Phys. J. A 44, 321– 354 (2010)] [Deltuva and Fonseca, Phys. Rev. C 81 (2010)] • Trajectories control of the fusion products • United efforts on the practical use of the polarized fusion Persistence of the Polarization in a Fusion Process [J. -P. Didelez and C. Deutsch. Few-Body Conference, Bonn (2009)] 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 3

History B. P. Ad’jasevich, V. G. Antonenko Measurement of the polarization correlation coefficients in reactions 2 H(d, p)3 H and 2 H(d, n)3 He at low energies. 1976 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 4

The Quintet suppression factor Direct experiment required! 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 5

Experiment layout Luminosity: 1. 3∙ 1025 1/cm 2 s → count rate: ~ 54/h (30 ke. V) → 1 week of beam time 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 6

ABS (based on SAPIS ABS) ~6000 L/s 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 7

ABS dissociator plasma Cooled nozzle (70 -300 K) 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 8

Degree of dissociation and intensity measurements Two-coordinate table • QMS • Compression tube • Faraday cup 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 9

POLIS Ion source 2010 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 10

POLIS. Control system. • compact (high channel density) • widely used in our systems at BNL, PSI, GSI and AIRBUS test rig • VERY old (is not supported 10 years) • failed to work in KVI before departure 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 11

POLIS. New control system (cooling + vacuum). 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 12

POLIS. Current state. ü Water cooling [no central cooling system] ü Vacuum system [pressure : 2· 10 -7 mbar] ü Control system [vacuum and cooling only] o Magnets o Dissociator o RF units 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 13

Experimental hall 2009 2010 Sep 2011 10/7/2020 May 2011 P. Kravtsov 14

Experimental hall. Equipment layout 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 15

Electronics platform 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 16

Cooling system System parameters: • Liquid-air heatexchanger • Cooling power: 100 k. W • Coolant: water + 10% ethanol • Flowrate: 1. 4 l/s • Temperature drop: 30 -50°C 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 17

Interaction chamber and detector system Helmholtz coils Detector system Interaction chamber 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 18

Detector system. PIN diodes version. 4 - detector setup with 44% filling ~300 Hamamatsu Si PIN photodiodes (S 3590) • 1 cm 2 active area • 300 um depletion layer • good energy resolution (17 ke. V for 1 Me. V Carbon ions at RHIC) Proof of principle: L. Kroell. Diploma thesis, 2010. FZJ – RWTH. 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 19

Detector system Surface Barrier Detector 4 - detector setup with 65% filling 50 square detector elements (33 x 33 mm) 800 SBD cells (7 x 7 mm) 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 20

Detector test bench Alpha-source: 239 Pu + 240 Pu = 80. 4% 238 Pu + 241 Am = 19. 6% 234 U + 235 U + 238 U 241 Am 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 21

Surface Barrier Detector. Energy resolution. Alpha-source: 234 U+235 U+238 U ∆E~35 ke. V 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 22

Surface Barrier Detector. Dead layer measurements SRIMM calculations for 4 He ions in Au: 30 ke. V shift => 100 nm gold layer Alpha-source: 239 Pu 30 ke. V 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 23

Surface Barrier Detector. Hydrogen effect 1100 mbar hydrogen 10 -3 mbar continuous Experiment condition: 10 -4÷ 10 -5 mbar 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 24

Readout electronics CSP from ATLAS CSC [BNL] Readout requirements: q 800 channels q Total count rate ≤ 1 k. Hz q Standard interface (Ethernet? ) q Event synchronization for coincidence trigger 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 25

Working Plan q q Infrastructure December 2012 q Experimental hall preparation March 2011 q Platform for electronics May 2011 q Water cooling system December 2012 Assemble and run the POLIS source June 2013 q Mechanical assembling June 2011 q Vacuum + water distribution system March 2012 q Control system February 2012 q Adjustments and tuning February 2013 q Solid target experiment June 2013 Upgrade of the SAPIS ABS December 2013 q Vacuum system December 2012 q Magnet system design December 2012 q Dissociator design March 2012 q Transition units design March 2013 q ABS tests and tuning December 2013 Detector system December 2012 q Interaction chamber April 2011 q Surface barrier detector measurements September 2012 q Mechanical support design Spring 2012 q Readout electronics design Fall 2012 q Electronics production December 2012 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 26

Thank you! 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 27

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Hyperfine states 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 29

Count rate 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 30

Data situation Tagishi et al. ; Phy. Rev. C 46 (1992) 1155 -1158 [Analysing Powers: 2 H(d, p)3 H, solid target] Becker et al. Few Body Sys. 13 (1992) [Analysing Powers] Imig et al. Phys. Rev. C 73 (2006) [Spin-Transfer Koeff. ] All experiments were performed at solid targets 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 31

The Formula Spins of both deuterons are aligned: Only pz(qz) and pzz(qzz) ≠ 0 Only beam is polarized: (pi, j ≠ 0, qi, j = 0) σ(ϴ, Φ) = σ0(ϴ) · {1 + 3/2 Ay(ϴ) py + 1/2 Axz(ϴ) pxz + 1/6 Axx-yy(ϴ) pxx-zz + 2/3 Azz(ϴ) pzz } 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 32

Unpolarized cross sections R. E. Brown, N. Jarmie, Phys. Rev. C 41 N 4 (1990) 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 33

Polarization measurement 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 34

Deuterium polarization 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 35

Initial detector system • 4 - rotational gimbal support • step motors with good angular resolution (~0. 01 degree) 10/7/2020 P. Kravtsov 36