Peter Tchaikovsky Nutcracker Biography 1840 1893 Peter Tchaikovsky

Peter Tchaikovsky “Nutcracker”

Biography 1840 – 1893

• Peter Tchaikovsky was born on May 7, 1840 in Votkinsk Russia in the family of an engineer. • Received the sound education from governess. • First composed song for his mother at age four • Mother death at age fourteen

• Tchaikovsky attended law school in St. Petersburg, Russia • While studying law and government, he took music lessons • Tchaikovsky graduation • Met Rubinstein brothers St. Petersburg Law Schoolgraduates , 1859. Piotr. Tchaikovsky , 6 th right

• In 1862 Anton Rubinstein opened Russia's first conservatory • Tchaikovsky was attending it as a first student Russian first conservatory building

• In 1866 Nikolai Rubinstein invited Tchaikovsky to Moscow • Became professor of composition at the Moscow Conservatory • Financial trouble started Moscow Conservatory Building

The musical poems Fatum and Romeo and Juliet were written in 1869 • First works that shows the style in which he became famous for

• Communication between Tchaikovsky and “Mighty Five” • Work for IRMS • Period of improvement of skills Russian composers—Balakirev, Aleksandr Borodin (1834– 1887), Modest Mussorgsky (1839– 1881), Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844– 1908), and César Cui and Tchaikovsky

Composed Piano Concerto No. 1 and ballet Swan Lake

• • Peter and Antonina Miliukova Get married in 1877 Life with wife Wife’s death in 1917 Dark times , thoughts of suicide

• New relationship • Helpful arrangement • Starts travel Nadezhda von Meck

Period of greatest and famouse creations Eugene Onegin in 1879 Violin Concerto (1881) The Fifth Symphony (1888) The ballet Sleeping Beauty (1889) Opera Queen of Spades (1890)

• Fame and his activity had extended to all of Europe and America • Retreat period • Great success of “Queen of Spades” • Von Meck rejection • Trip to USA

• Sixth symphony • October 1893 Sixth symphony presentation • First conducting

Tchaikovsky funeral, St. Peterburg 11/06/1893

Composition History

• 1890, Tchaikovsky was commissioned by the Directorate of Imperial Theatres • “Nutcracker” order • Work with the choreographer Marius Petipa and Vsevolozsk • Completing period • “Nutcracker” performance December 6, 1982 , Mariinsky Theatre “Nutcracker” performance

Listening guide “Nutcracker” content structure • • • • • Act One Miniature Overture No. 1 Scene of decorating and lighting the Christmas tree No. 2 March No. 3 Little Gallop [of the children] and entry of the parents No. 4 Scene dansante [Drosselmeyer's arrival and distribution of presents] No. 5 Scene and Grandfather Dance No. 6 Scene [Departure of the guests] No. 7 Scene [the battle] No. 8 Scene [usually entitled either Journey Through the Snow or A Pine Forest in Winter] No. 9 Waltz of the Snowflakes Act Two No. 10 Scene [Introduction] No. 11 Scene [Arrival of Clara and the Prince] No. 12 Divertissement No. 13 Waltz of the Flowers No. 14 Pas de Deux: No. 15 Final Waltz and Apotheosis

Overture 0: 00 0: 18 0: 35 0: 42 1: 35 1: 52 2: 00 2: 10 2: 563: 12 It is polyphonic smooth, conjunct, very harmonic melody. It’s a major mode quadruple meter melody in average tempo This polyphonic melody continue be in quadruple meter, major mode. Now we can hear flute that started play in unison with other instruments. We can hear how increasing tempo. This part I can describe like ascending, conjunct, crescendo melody. This excerpt from the overture I can describe like a naughty tune part, where we can hear some xylophone playing. It is still quadruple mater, major mode, conjunct in crescendo dynamic ascending melody. We can hear increasing tempo and volume at the and. Melody has repetition and contrasts, it is going from slow motion to faster, and from faster to slow. It is a major mode melody, but we can feel some action going on at this interval of overture. After 1: 15 melody become in ascending and crescendo motive. From this moment melody repeats first episode (0 -0. 18) but in higher note. Slow conjunct start, but after 1: 45 the speed that the music moves growing and melody become ascending. It’s a polyphonic, smooth, diminuendo, conjunct descending overture part. Then melody getting faster and dynamic. Beautiful melody with dynamic and speed variations, conjunct ascending motive in quadruple meter major mode. Final part of overture repeating moment from 1: 15 to 1: 35, but much faster. Its culmination of overture. Compose emphasized on ascending crescendo melody. Compere to the major part you can hear dissonance in harmony.

Decoration and lighting Christmas trees 0: 00 Uniform melody start. It’s more dissonance than consonance conjunct major mode polyphony melody with harmony repetition. 0: 30 The same melody in higher note, then motive become crescendo ascending. 0: 58 Melody repeating itself, but getting slow and ends abruptly. It’s a diminuendo descending major mode part. 1: 13 We can hear smooth conjunct ascending do 1: 24 melody, then motive going down in volume and dynamic and getting up again 1: 34 On this rest melody transformed to consonance major mode descending low tempo melody 1: 53 Slow ascending crescendo motive 2: 14 Very sharp start of fast descending melody 2: 30 Melody became in minor mode, increasing tempo ascending melody. You can feel the rush, some action. 2: 52 Then melody getting back to major mode, very intensive interval, you can hear big tempo, ascending crescendo melody. 3: 23 -3: 44 Stunning end to the action. Descending diminuendo major mode melody, letting us know that is something became to the end.

Dance of Shepherds 0: 00 0: 42 1: 11 1: 412: 13 Major mode, conjunct repetition melody with ascending and descending motives. The same motives in melody, but on higher notes. Major theme, but its ascending crescendo melody that accenting on something important at the end of this part Melody became in F minor mode in uniform style. Now you can hear dissonance, at the same time it sounds very conjunct. Cymbals some dangerous motive in melody. Melody getting back to major theme. Final part of the dance seems very smooth and consonance, but you can feel that is ascending and crescendo melody.

Final Waltz and Apotheosis – concluding part of “Nutcracker” 0: 00 0: 58 1: 22 1: 50 2: 34 2: 49 3: 25 4: 224: 55 Waltz starts. Conjunct very smooth harmonic polyphonic melody in major mode. You can hear repetition, increasing and decreasing melody intonation. After 30 seconds melody became more dynamic and ascending. Tempo getting fast. The same melody, but in higher notes. At the end of this timing interval melody descending. Interval starts in slow motion, but melody ascending at the end. Major theme music getting more intensive which is changing dynamic again and makes crescendo melody. New slow motive. Conjunct melody, chimes and flutes make it very smooth and consonance harmony. Very bright major mode fragment. Uniform sunny melody. The same waltz motive (0 -0: 58), major mode melody. Very higher notes Very loud, ascending conjunct crescendo melody. Growing tempo level, melody (the same motive repeated again and again) getting faster and faster. Very sharp end of the waltz. Apotheosis starts. Very slow, major mode conjunct smooth melody. Its gives you comfort feeling. Consonance harmony. Abrupt start, high tempo melody. Ascending crescendo, dissonance, minor mode conjunct melody. Culmination of the “Nutcracker” story.