Peruvian Education History Official Name Republic of Peru

Peruvian Education History

• Official Name: Republic of Peru • Population: 29, 498, 000 (Census 2010) • Capital: Lima • Official language: Spanish • Currency: Nuevo Sol

Incan Education (1200 to 1500 AD)

• Exclusively for the royal elite, and later for the sons of conquered chiefs, to become administrators and leaders. • The teachers were Amautas, men wellversed in philosophy and morality. • Education last for four years. • The curriculum was based in mathematics, astronomy, language, religion, and history

QUIPUS were a set of cords made of wool, colorful, of different sizes, and with different knots. They were used for statistics, math, for keeping historical records, and for filing ideas.

Viceroyalty Education (1500 to 1821 AD)

• Transplant of the Spanish Culture to Peru. • Handled by the church through their religious orders (Dominic, Jesuits). • Accessible only to those of the aristocratic class, “Mestizos”, and some wealthy merchants. Natives did not access. • Courses were Latin, philosophy, and theology. • Women were not allowed to study.

• In 1551 San Marcos University is founded in Lima, the first university of the American Continents. • First curriculum: Theology & Arts. After: Law & Medicine. 2012 San Marcos University now (one of the multiple buildings)

Republican Education (1821 to 2012)

• 1828: Free elementary school for every Peruvian. • 1850: Education is divided in public & private. • Women begin to study to prepare for becoming good mothers and wives. • 1905: Number of schools, students, and teachers begin to explode. • 1908: Numbers were duplicate in only three years! • 1968, 1985, 1990: Laws of Education Reform enacted.

ACTUAL CURRICULUM Early education • Begins from age three to five, the child controls his or her own learning with the assistance of internal (parents) and external (educators) agents. Primary School • Begins at six years of age. This level begins at first grade, and ends with sixth grade and is divided, for curricular purposes, into three cycles: cycle one (first and second grade), cycle two (third and fourth grade), and cycle three (fifth and sixth grade). Parents decide to send their children to public or private school.

Secondary School • Secondary school consists of five years Higher education • Consists of technological colleges, both public and private. They offer courses lasting three years (3, 000 hours of study), graduating with a title as Technical Professionals. Some courses may be four years in length (4, 000 hours of study), and a student would graduate with the title of Professional. University education • Bachelor degree lasts a minimum of 5 years; Masters requires a minimum of 60 units and thesis; Doctoral and Post-Doctoral are offered.