Persuasive Texts AND MEDIA LITERACY Hasty Generalization Exaggeration

Persuasive Texts AND MEDIA LITERACY

� Hasty Generalization � Exaggeration � Logos � Argument by authority � Ad hominem � False equivalencycategorical � Rhetorical fallacies claim � Argument by analogy � Pathos � Modes of persuasion � Argument by cause and effect � Bandwagon � Persuasive text structures � Ethos � Stereotyping � Slippery slope � Post hoc

Persuasive Texts �Convince readers of the accuracy of their point of view.

Different Ways Persuasive Text Can Be Structured & Supported (LEGO KIT #1)

Argument by Analogy �Definition: Assumes that if two things are alike in some ways, they’ll be alike in a specific way. Ex: A government, like a family, has a budget. Therefore, a government, like a family, should never spend more than it earns.

Argument by Authority �Supports a claim by referring to what experts, institutions, or important texts have said. Ex: Justin Bieber uses Pro. Activ, so you should, too!

Argument by Cause and Effect �States that one thing is the direct result of another, different thing. �Ex: My headache disappeared the first time I applied Head-On directly to my forehead!

MODES OF PERSUASION (Lego Kit #2)

Pathos �Pathos- Emotional appeal (Makes you feel something, like happy or sad or scared. ) �EX: ASPCA commercial with the sad puppies.

Ethos �Ethos- Ethical/Moral: Appeal to Character or what is right � You must seem like a trustworthy or credible person/source to be convincing. �Ethos is what makes argument by authority convincing! �“It is morally wrong to kick puppies. ” �“This red sports car was chosen as most reliable from Consumer Reports magazine, and I trust them. ”

Logos �Logos- Logical/Intellectual/ Appeal To Mind: (Facts, statistics, proof, evidence) �“This red sports car will save me money on gas since it’s a smaller car. ”

Rhetorical Fallacies (LEGO KIT #3)

Rhetorical Fallacy �Definition: Arguments that distract from the real issue. �A “fallacy” is an argument that is so flawed it does not make sense, but it can seem convincing. �It is a rare text that lacks a fallacy!

Do this!! �Turn to a completely new page in your notebookone that is completely blank on the back and the front. �Draw and label a table like the one here -> Fallacy Definition Example

Ad Hominem �Latin for “against the man” �Definition: An attack on a person or people making a claim instead of addressing the claim itself. �Example: You’re wrong because you’re a fatty fat!

False Equivalency Categorical Claim �Definition: A claim based on an incorrect comparison between two things. �When you use argument by analogy wrong, it is a false equivalency! �Example: Green M&M’s are the same color as broccoli, so they must be healthy like broccoli!

Exaggeration �Definition: An overstatement of a fact or an idea; often meant to frighten. �Example: Students who are not alert for every minute of the school day risk injury and death.

Hasty Generalization �Definition- Making a generalization about a group based on a sample that is not big enough. �Example- A man cut me off in traffic this morning. Men make poor drivers.

Stereotyping Classifying a person or group in simple and often negative ways. �Definition- �Example- “All women like to clean, so Ms. Cox must like to clean!”

The Difference! �Small sample Group = Hasty Generalization �Belief about a group One person = Stereotype

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Xj. JQ Bj. WYDTs

Slippery Slope �Definition- Certain bad events will always follow a specific action, so the action should not be done in the first place. �Example- “If I loan students a pencil, next they’ll want my phone, then my car… When will it end? ”

Post Hoc �Definition- Assuming that since one event occurred before another event, the first event caused the second. �Example- “I wore my purple sweater to the game and we won. Therefore, I will always wear my purple sweater to games. ” �Post hoc is what happens when you use the “Cause and Effect” structure wrong! �“Post hoc ergo prompter hoc” means “after this, therefore because of this”

Bandwagon �Definition- Accepting an idea because most people accept the same idea. �Example- “All my friends are drinking grape soda, so I want to, too!”

Persuasive Texts Often Have: �(9) Media Elements- Designed to sway an audience. Some elements appeal to your mind, others to your heart. Ex: Suppose an article claims that the long-term benefits of giving free preschool to everyone are far greater than its short-term costs. The article might support its claim with data (appeal to the intellect) or photos of happy preschoolers (appeal to the heart).

Convince Me! �Draw a picture of the product or idea �Write 1 sentence explaining your product �Write 2 sentences with a rhetorical fallacy to convince me to buy your product or support your idea.

FACTS VS. OPINIONS �A FACT can be proved or disproved. �“ It is 75 degrees outside. ” �“I was born in Houston, Texas. ” �An OPINION is based on a feeling or belief. �“ It is a beautiful day outside. ” �“Mrs. Smith’s class is hard. ”