Persuasive Techniques Repetition The simple repetition of a

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Persuasive Techniques

Persuasive Techniques

Repetition The simple repetition of a word or phrase, within a sentence or speech,

Repetition The simple repetition of a word or phrase, within a sentence or speech, with no particular placement of the words, to make emphasis.

Example of repetition “They were great men too – great enough to give fame

Example of repetition “They were great men too – great enough to give fame to a great age. It does not often happen to a nation to raise, at one time, such a number of truly great men…. I cannot contemplate their great deeds with less admiration. ” ~Frederick Douglass “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? ”

Anaphora Repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of

Anaphora Repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive sentences, clauses, or phrases “We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans…” ~Winston Churchill

Argument The use of logic, proofs, etc. Then, last September, came the opportunity to

Argument The use of logic, proofs, etc. Then, last September, came the opportunity to talk with leaders of Birmingham's economic community. In the course of the negotiations, certain promises were made by the merchants--for example, to remove the stores' humiliating racial signs. On the basis of these promises, the Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth and the leaders of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights agreed to a moratorium on all demonstrations. As the weeks and months went by, we realized that we were the victims of a broken promise. A few signs, briefly removed, returned; the others remained. As in so many past experiences, our hopes had been blasted, and the shadow of deep disappointment settled upon us. We had no alternative except to prepare for direct action, … ~Martin Luther King, Jr. “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”

Analogy A comparison that points out how two things are alike. Example: Take a

Analogy A comparison that points out how two things are alike. Example: Take a piece of coal, put pressure on it and in time that frail lump will become something durable, beautiful and priceless. So too in marriage, if we endure the stress and continue to allow it to make us better, we will become even more precious to our mates.

Rhetorical Question A question asked for effect that does not require an answer. “I

Rhetorical Question A question asked for effect that does not require an answer. “I doubt, too, whether any other convention we can obtain may be able to make a better Constitution; for, when you assemble a number of men, to have the advantage of their joint wisdom, you inevitably assemble with those men all their prejudices, their passions, their errors of opinion, their local interests, and their selfish views. From such an assembly can a perfect production be expected? ” expected ~Benjamin Franklin “On the Federal Constitution”

Call to Action • Directly urges the reader or listener to do something. “Convince

Call to Action • Directly urges the reader or listener to do something. “Convince those in power to reduce our carbon pollution. Push your own communities to adopt smarter practices. Invest. Divest. Remind folks there's no contradiction between a sound environment and strong economic growth. And remind everyone who represents you at every level of government that sheltering future generations against the ravages of climate change is a prerequisite for your vote. Make yourself heard on this issue. ” ~Barack Obama “Climate Change Speech”

Appeal to Emotion The use of inflammatory language to evoke an emotional response. “You

Appeal to Emotion The use of inflammatory language to evoke an emotional response. “You and I have the courage to say to our enemies, ‘There is a price we will not pay. ’ ‘There is a point beyond which they must not advance. ’ …You and I have a rendezvous with destiny. We’ll preserve for our children this, the last best hope of man on earth, or we’ll sentence them to take the last step into a thousand years of darkness. ” ~Ronald Reagan 10/27/64

Parallelism The similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases,

Parallelism The similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. • repeating a grammatical structure Example: To succeed in life, you need to take advantage of opportunities, to follow your dreams, to work hard, and to believe in yourself.

Restatement Expressing the same idea using different words “…we cannot dedicate – we cannot

Restatement Expressing the same idea using different words “…we cannot dedicate – we cannot consecrate – we cannot hallow – this ground. ” ~Abraham Lincoln “The Gettysburg Address”