Perspectives of Remote Sensing and GIS for Mining

Perspectives of Remote Sensing and GIS for Mining Areas Lena Halounová ISPRS Congress Director in 2016 lena. halounova@isprs 2016 -prague. com Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – Potential mining areas Active mines GIS Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague Geographic Information Systems + Remote Sensing Abandoned mines Dumps Reclaimed areas Remote sensing GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – GIS Potential mining areas for potential mining GIS Maps: geological, hydrogoelogical, of deposits, soils, faults, …. . Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – GIS for potential mining Queries in attribute data Vector data Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – GIS – examples of useful applications Crossection of brown coal seam Contour lines of thickness of the rock cover Dangerous area - 0 – 20 m thickness of the upper layers Dangerous area - < 20 – 60< m thickness of the upper layers Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GIS – land use/mining development 1934 1960 1975 1999 GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – GIS Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague – land use/mining development 1934 1960 1975 1999 GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GIS – land use/mining development 1934 1960 1975 1999 GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – GIS – land use/mining development Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague 1934 1960 1975 1999 GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – GIS – reclamation development Reclamation development Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas - remote sensing Potential mining areas Active mines Abandoned mines Dumps Reclaimed areas Remote sensing u Record of the state of the land cover at the moment of imagery data collection u Evaluation of the imagery – updated maps, object extraction u change detection = evaluation of several images to determine development of the are Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – remote sensing Potential mining areas Active mines Dumps Abandoned mines Reclaimed areas Remote sensing offers: - records of the current state of: land cover - 2 D, 3 D, 4 D data for a project of mining activities Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – remote sensing data: optical, radar, lidar offer: • updating of land cover/open pits state in 2 D, 3 D and 4 D • and thus creating model of development of mining and accompanying activities Data are – spaceborne, airborne, or from unmanned aerial systems with: • Various time resolution • Various spatial resolution • Various spectral resolution Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – spaceborne remote sensing Spaceborne data: • time resolution - about 3 days (on 50° latitude) • spatial resolution - 8 sensors PAN < 1, 0 m, 1 sensor MS< 2 m • spectral resolution - PAN, MS, Hyper (Hyperion 220 bands, 30 m) Advantage: regular repetitive measurement on programed orbits Disadvantage operational functioning by programming – various look angle Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – RS – reclamation development • Analysis of mean value and standard deviation of NDVI Values calculated for individual areas Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – RS – reclamation – change detection Analysis of NDVI change during a time period. Increase and decrease of vegetation coverage in% Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – airborne remote sensing Airborne data collection: • time resolution - irregular --- on demand • spatial resolution – cm – depends on height of the flight • spectral resolution – multispectral cameras/scanners, thermal cameras, hyperspectral scanners, SAR, lidar Disadvantage: irregular repetitive measurement dependent on weather Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – UAV remote sensing Unmanned Aerial Systems: • time resolution - irregular --- on demand • spatial resolution – cm – depends on height of the flight • spectral resolution – multispectral cameras/scanners, thermal cameras, hyperspectral scanners, Advantage: Operational, easy manipulated by non-specialist Disadvantage: Irregular repetitive measurement dependent on weather Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – UAV remote sensing quadro- , hexa- , octocopters Several hundred meters above the terrain GPS/IMU, gyroscope, Automated stabilization 15 minutes flight, two cameras (MS and thermal) Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – UAV remote sensing Orthophoto Žacléř DSM Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – UAV remote sensing Thermal data Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – GIS + remote sensing Conclusion I: 1) GIS – various data storing – a comprehensive tool 2) Remote Sensing: 1) 2) 3) 4) Land surface type information Digital Surface Model (DSM) Subsidences (interferommetry) Development of areas 3) GIS – data storing 4) So what and how? Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013

Mining Areas – remote sensing Conclusion II: • GIS application is clear and necessary to have a complete information in one system • RS application – various purposes and thus various data - it is a sensitive and responsible task – which should be carefully analyzed in individual case Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague GWF - Mining and Exploration 15 May 2013