Personality Unit 10 Components of personality Personality is

Personality Unit 10

Components of personality Personality is typically defined by our patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Looking for consistency within interactions of people and environments. ● Includes ideas like self-esteem, self-serving bias, and cultural influences on our concept of self ● Answering and reflecting on the question: WHO AM I?

Psychoanalytic/ Psychodynamic Freud Unconscious Early childhood experience Internal conflict Fixations Defense Mechanisms Trait Theories Inventories Biology Person-Situation Controversy 55 56 57 58 59 Exploring the Self Humanistic Maslow Rogers Hierarchy of Needs Self-Actualization & Transcendence Self-Concept Social-Cognitive Theories Bandura Reciprocal Determinism

Psychoanalysis Late 1800 s = Victorian Age = sexual suppression + strict gender expectations The Internal Conflict Sexual and Aggressive Drives Dominate Freudian Slips? The UNCONSCIOUS How to “discover” it? Free Association & Dream Interpreting Where the repressed memories/desires are

Freud’s structure of Personality Id, Ego, Superego

Let’s get weird! Psychosexual Stages: ● ● Oedipus Complex (Phallic Stage) Gals- you too! Electra Complex Coping- become like rival Intro to identification process- stronger superegos (gender identity) Childhood relationships influence our developing personality Unresolved conflict leads to fixation Fixation in personality → oral = passive and dependent or exaggerated denial of dependency (acting tough) In behavior → gratification through oral stimulation Personality formed before age 5

Anxiety Breeds from internal conflict How do you deal with it? You don’t! Intro to Defense Mechanisms Function consciously and UN Ex. Repression underlies all other defense mechanisms Revealed in Freudian Slips and Dreams (Manifest and Latent Content)

Psychodynamic Yes, Freud the unconscious is important but… Alfred Adler Karen Horney Social not sexual conflict Inferiority Complex Striving for Superiority Birth Order? Childhood anxiety triggers need for love and security Countered Freud’s masculine bias “Womb Envy”? Carl Jung Collective Unconscious Archetypes Instead today the thought is experience leaves epigenetic marks influencing gene expression

Carl Jung’s Theory of Collective Unconscious

Birth Order Activity

Is this true for you?

How to assess the Unconscious? Projective Tests Present ambigious stimuli to unover hidden personaliy Thematic Apperception Test Rorschach ink blot test View an ambiguous picture and make up a story Reveals your inner self and motivations like affiliation and achievement motives Well know test Based of a childhood game What do you see above? Many Critics

(Criticism) Modern views on Freud (Support) Scientific Shortcomings Death Anxiety (Terror-Management Theory- we cling to our world view to defend against fear of dying -”things happen for a reason”) Defense Mechanisms Stages, timeframes and gender identity Reaction Formation, Projection (false consensus effect) more about protecting self-image than anything else Unconscious is “true” Misconstrued accounts of sexual abuse as unconscious desires Repression Remember all the things we process under our awareness Autopilot Schemas Stereotypes Priming Horrible experiences actually enhance memories

Humanistic Theories: The Self

Criticism - vague/subjective Individualism allows - encourages self indulgence Naive/Optimistic. BUT: Major impacts on counseling, child-raising, education, field of positive psychology Hierarchy of Needs ● Self-Actualization ● Self-Transcendence Humanist Theorists (Module 56) Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers Person-Centered Perspective ● People are good and grow under positive social climate / culture ● Acceptance (Unconditional Positive Regard), Genuineness, Empathy, and Age (as time passes in this environment - you will also be more caring to yourself. “Enough courage to be unpopular, to be unashamed about being openly virtuous. ” Self-Concept, Self determination = VIP ● ● Positive self-concept, see the world more positively. Negative - the same in reverse. If we are not living up to our ideal self - creates dissatisfaction and unhappiness.

Personality Tests Before we begin the section on Trait Theories, please complete the two personality tests on the course website. Or Click on This and this Should take about 30 minutes

Trait Theories (Module 57) Traits Complexity Factor Analysis Inventories, MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Gordon Allport disagreed with Freud, We need to describe characteristic behaviors and conscious motives Almost 18, 000 words to describe people. We are not just one personality type. How to break it down? Linking clusters to a basic factor/trait ex. Extraversionintroversion, Emotional. Stability -instability Eysenck’s believed these factors = genetically influenced. Other Bio influence - Dopamine more in Extraversion

The Power of Introverts (19 min) Western cultures prize Extraversion but. . . What are the benefits of Introversion?

The Big 5 Personality Traits

TR ! R E T T A M S AIT Traits stabilize after 40 *maturing in adolescence and adulthood MATURITY PRINCIPLE * + conscientious and agreeable - neurotic Heritability of traits ● Approx 40% according to text Brain structure and traits * larger frontal lobe (planning and controlling behavior) = higher in Conscientious people * frontal lobe area may be less active for extraverts Birth order and traits ● Many modern researchers see no scientific connection Applicable to all cultures Traits can predict actual behaviors (mortality, divorce, occupational attainment)

Walter Mischel says the Situation Matters too… The Person-Situation Controversy Written Communication Looking for traits that persist over time and across situations. These traits are expressed in the following: Music Preferences Playlists reveal personalities Classical, jazz, blues, folk = OPENNESS Upbeat and energetic music = Extraverts COUNTRY, pop and religious = Cheerful, Extraverts use more adjectives, writing can express extraversion, self-esteem and agreeableness Online and Personal Spaces Sure people can lie online, but many profiles actually match their personality. Personal spaces can reveal personality. . . Let’s try it. Close your eyes and picture your bedroom. . .

Other Situations… For each of these, take a minute to think about how personality might change in this environment and come up with an example Informal Formal Any other situations that can influence your expression of personality?

Social-Cognitive Perspective (Module 58) Behavioral Approach Social. Cognitive Personality is a learned response. Ex. Authoritarian parents might produce a child with a timid personality Personality is shaped by not just learning, but thinking - INTERACTION of person and environment Reciprocal Determinism Traits and Social context Stop and discuss the 3 ways in which individuals and environments interact

Biopsychosocial Approach Pay attention to the charts on pages 608 and 609. They are awesome! External vs Internal Locus of Control Criticism: Too much emphasis on environment? Not enough on true inner traits.

Beautiful Summary of Major Personality Theories

Exploring the Self (Module 59)

Modern Psychologists pay attention to: “The Self” (And all its possibilities) Self-Esteem Spotlight effect 01 Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place 02 Self-Efficacy - sense of competency on a task. 03 Excessive Optimism can be blinding to reality and risks Everyone is not college grad Benefits of self-esteem = can We like flattery, of course better handle criticism Defensive Self -esteem Effects of low self-esteem= racism? Dunning-Kruger Effect: Most overconfident when most incompetent? ? ? 04 Have you ever been guilty of this? Discuss Narcissism Self-Esteem (part 2) Self-Serving Bias

Culture and the Self Individualism Collectivism Real Quick: If you were having a baby- what would you name it and why?

Most Popular Baby Names Would any of you want to change your mind if the name you wanted was on this list? Why?

Personality To summarize- there are many theories To explain the development of our Personality results from the interaction of our biology with the environment. Our understanding of it is simple and complex. CREDITS: This presentation template was Jsajdahsgngdaksngnagdsakgalhag created by Slidesgo, including icons by nghjkhashagklgklngkdsnkslankk Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik. kdfshkajgjkldgajklgajdkljgdaljg. PPP