Personality Psychology 40 S C Mc Murray Source

Personality Psychology 40 S C. Mc. Murray Source: PSYCHOLOGY (9 th Edition) David Myers 1

Personality An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. Each dwarf has a distinct personality. 2

Personality Test • World's Quickest Personality Test Remember to keep your eyes closed! 3

What Makes You Laugh? Studying what people find funny is just one way that psychologists gain insight into what makes us who we are…our personalities! 4

Traits A trait is an aspect of personality that is considered to be reasonably stable. We assume that a person has certain traits based on how the person behaves. Each personality is uniquely made up of multiple traits. Name 3 traits that make up your personality. 5

Examples of Traits: • • Honest Dependable Moody Impulsive 6

Assessing Traits Personality inventories are questionnaires (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors assessing several traits at once. 7

Profiling Your Personality Who do you think you are? What features of your personality are well known to your friends and family? Which of your personality traits are known only to a few people? Use the graphic organizer on the next slide to brainstorm a list of personality traits that make you unique. 8

My Personality Profile I am… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. I like to … 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 9

Testing Your Personality Type The MBTI…Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Assignment: Read Case Study Testing Your Personality Type. Answer the 2 questions under “What do you think? ” 10

Testing Your Personality Type The Big Five Assignment: Read Hand out on The Big Five Model of Personality. Explain the 5 Trait dimensions of the Big Five. 11

Extroverts and Introverts Read the following articles: • What is Extraversion? • What is Introversion? Answer the following questions: 1. Explain the difference between Extraverts and Introverts. 2. Explain a common misconception about Introverts. 12

Watch The Power of Introverts • Video: The Power of Introverts 13

Personality Test Computer Lab Go to Website: http: //mcmurrayvmc. weebly. com/ Go to Computer Lab under Psych 40 S and following the instructions. 14

Biology and Personality dimensions are influenced by genes. 1. Brain-imaging procedures show that extraverts seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low. 2. Genes also influence our temperament and behavioral style. Differences in children’s shyness and inhibition may be attributed to autonomic nervous system reactivity. 15

Comment on what you have learned about your own personality either from doing the MBTI or the Big Five or by understanding the difference between introverts and extroverts. 16

Sigmund Freud 17

Psychodynamic Perspective Culver Pictures Freud’s clinical experience led him to develop the first comprehensive theory of personality, which included the unconscious mind, psychosexual stages, and defense mechanisms. Sigmund Freud (1856 -1939) 18

Psychoanalysis A form of therapy aimed at making patients aware of their unconscious motives so that they can gain control over their behaviour. Free Association Method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing. Freud believed that this was a window into the unconscious mind.

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Freud believed that all children had to go through similar experiences before they reached adulthood. He thought that any problem in adulthood could be traced back to something going wrong during one of these stages. 20

Frustration: breast feeding Frustration: toilet trailning Frustration: Oedipus conflict (boys) Electra conflict (girls)

The Dark Knight of Sigmund Freud 22

Model of Mind The mind is like an iceberg. It is mostly hidden, and below the surface lies the unconscious mind. The preconscious stores temporary memories. 23

Personality Structure Personality develops as a result of our efforts to resolve conflicts between our biological impulses (id) and social restraints (superego). 24

Id, Ego and Superego The Id unconsciously strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives, operating on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. The ego functions as the “executive” and mediates the demands of the id and superego. Itmakes decisions after listening to the demands of the id and rules of the superego. The superego consists of the internalized ideals and standards for judgment that we develop as we interact with parents, peers and society. It tells us what we should and shouldn’t do. 25

Defense Mechanisms The ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality. 1. Repression removes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness. 2. Regression leads an individual faced with anxiety to retreat to a more infant-like stage of life. 26

Defense Mechanisms 3. Reaction Formation reverses an unacceptable impulse, causing an anxious person to express the opposite. 4. Projection leads people to disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others. 27

Defense Mechanisms 5. Rationalization replaces real, anxietyprovoking explanations with more comforting justifications for one’s actions. It makes mistakes seem reasonable. 6. Displacement shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, redirecting anger toward a safer outlet. 7. Denial lets an anxious person refuse to admit that something unpleasant is happening. 28

Guess My Defense Mechanism 29

30

31

32

The Neo-Freudians Archive of the History of American Psychology/ University of Akron Jung believed in the collective unconscious, which contained a common reservoir of images derived from our species’ past. This is why many cultures share certain myths and images such as the mother being a symbol of nurturance. Carl Jung (1875 -1961) 33

Assessing Unconscious Processes Evaluating personality from an unconscious mind’s perspective would require a psychological instrument (projective tests) that would reveal the hidden unconscious mind. 34

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Developed by Henry Murray, the TAT is a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes. Lew Merrim/ Photo Researcher, Inc. 35

Rorschach Inkblot Test The most widely used projective test uses a set of 10 inkblots and was designed by Hermann Rorschach. It seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots. Lew Merrim/ Photo Researcher, Inc. 36