PERSONALITY Mr Lauta Psychology Shenandoah Valley d Personality

PERSONALITY Mr. Lauta Psychology Shenandoah Valley

d

Personality • “Personality” from Greek “persona” – means mask • According to some psychologists, we wear a variety of masks – Carl Jung – “public mask” and “private mask” • No two people have the same personality – different genes – raised in different environment

Ancient Greek theorist Galen • Developed trait theory of personality based on bodily fluids (called humors) – Each fluid (or humor) was associated with a certain personality trait and medical condition – Imbalance in these fluids led to a change in personality and cause disease • He divided personality into four types

Galen’s Personality Types: 1) Phlegmatic • This is a portrait of Lindsey, a student who possessed the ability to remain calm and cool, even in a crisis. In her junior year, her father passed from cancer. Lindsey not only managed to keep things together and stay in school, but she also took over running her father’s business. • People with an excess of “phlegm” (considered cold and moist) – Cool, patient – Listless – Apathetic – Calm – Collected

• People with “too much blood” – Sociable – Cheerful – Optimistic – Playful – “Life of the Party” • This a portrait of Amber, a student who always had a smile on her face and had a real zest for life.

Galen’s Personality Types: 3) Choleric • This photo shows Mc. Kenna, a strongwilled, decisive young lady who is also an excellent organizer. • Choleric people have “too much yellow bile” – Strong-willed – Natural-born leaders – Tend to be brave – Tend to be decisive – Can be hot-tempered – Can be irritable

Galen’s Personality Types: 4) Melancholic • Melancholic personalities were caused by an excess of “black bile” which causes sadness – Analytic – Sensitive – Thoughtful – Prone to depression – Bashful • This is a portrait of actress Patty Duke, who suffers from depression.

Other Theories of Personality • PHRENOLOGY – Developed by Franz Joseph Gall – Reading the bumps on people’s skulls to determine their abilities and personalities – Greater intelligence affected the size and contour of the brain

Other Theories of Personality • Personality based on physique – Developed by William Sheldon – Personality based on body types or how it was built • Fat, round, soft • Muscular, strong • Thin, frail

Along the same line…

Freud’s Theory of Personality l Sigmund Freud – Most famous personality theorist – Began forming his ideas based on experiences working with patients Slide # 17

Freud’s Background l Specialized in neurology l Discovered that he could not find physical reasons for his patient’s problems l Developed a theory that personality consisted of three parts Slide # 18

Freud’s Theory of Personality: 1) The Id l First personality trait to develop – Inborn and unconscious l Represents the innate, instinctive parts of our mind l Biological not learned l Relates to drives that reduce hunger and thirst l Life instincts Slide # 19

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Duck or… Slide # 23

The Id is the First to Form l The id operates on the “pleasure principle” – Gain immediate pleasure and to avoid any type of pain l The id demands immediate satisfaction l The id does not care what society thinks

The Id (cont. ) l The id is powerful throughout our lives – It is aggressive – It is playful l The id represents the child in all of us Slide # 26

Diagram of the Id l l “Me first” can’t last forever! “That’s mine!” (“He took my…”) “I’m taking my ball and going home” We learn the needs of others The Id, The Early Years

The Formation of the Superego l The superego is the next component to form – Represents society’s rules, prohibitions, restrictions l It is like your conscience – Formation of morality (knowing right from wrong) l Parents play a major role – “Go to time out!” – Other punishments l Schools and churches l “It takes a community to raise a child. ” Slide # 28 l How a person is raised

Diagram of the Superego l Gaining experience with rules and values – Leads to a sense of self in relation to others Can be as relentless and unreasonable in its demand to be obeyed! l Self-centeredness decreases l The superego is not always conscious l Too much superego leads to inflexibility

The Ego l The ego is logical l The ego is the decision maker l The ego compromises between the id and the superego – Satisfy self or follow rule l The only component that is conscious l Mediates between what we want (the id) and what society will allow us to have (the superego)

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