Personality Chapter 12 What is Personality Personality is

Personality Chapter 12

What is Personality? • Personality is an individual’s characteristic pattern of

Personality: Then and Now • Why we have personality – – Humanistic approach (Jung) • What personality is – Basic dimensionality of personality – – Interaction between individuals and environments

Psychoanalytic Perspective • Sigmund Freud • Developed idea of

The Unconscious Mind • Id •

Psychosexual Development • Oral (0 -18 mo. ) • (18 -36 mo. ) • Phallic ( ) • Latency (6 -Puberty) • (Puberty +)

Defense Mechanisms • As a member of society, the individual must repress ‘ ’ urges

Freud: Defense Mechanisms • Repression (has been shown to not exist) • • Reaction Formation •

Freud: Defense Mechanisms • • Displacement

Freud • One of the tests of this school of thought is the Thematic Apperception Test ( )

Humanistic Perspective • Maslow •

The Trait Perspectives • These theories tend to look for stable and enduring • Through factor analysis, psychologists have narrowed down possibilities to two distinct dimensions

Eysenck’s Personality ‘Map’

Biological Influences • Extraverts •

The Big Five • The best approximation of how many distinct personality constructs exist currently rests at • Set up as dichotomy between

The Big Five

The Big Five • Openness to Experiences • • Extraversion • • Neuroticism

Predictability of Behavior • Short answer: No

The Social Cognitive Perspective • Proposed by Albert Bandura • Focus on the interactions between individual and

Notes:

Personal Control • Locus of Control • • Optimism vs Pessimism

Locus of Control • Who has the control in the situation? – External Control: – : Me • Internals: – Able to delay gratification, more independent –

Learned Helplessness • The that an animal or human learns when unable to avoid an event

Optimisim vs Pessimism • Optimist • • Realist

Exploring the Self • Possible Selves •

Self Esteem • The basic feeling that you have self worth

Self Esteem and Culture • Several theories on ‘why’ we have it – – Sociometer • People who experience prejudice do not suffer from lower self esteem

Self Serving Bias • The readiness to perceive the self as in almost any light which most people have