Personality and Individual Behavior Professor Zvi Aronson 1
Personality and Individual Behavior Professor: Zvi Aronson 1
Agenda: Topics to Cover • • Attitudes Personality and Person-Job Fit Perception Note we will not discuss Organizational Learning 2
Organizational Behavior Model Technology Economy Government The Individual Attitude; Personality The Organization Competitors Industry Demographics Teams Outcomes • Org Performance • Individual Satisfaction • and Well-Being • Society Well-Being Natural Environment Customers External Environment Trends
Job-related Attitudes • Job Satisfaction – General attitude toward his or her job • Job Involvement - The degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her job performance important for self-worth • Organizational Commitment - An employee’s orientation toward the organization in terms of his or her loyalty to, identification with, and involvement in the organization • Employee Engagement - When employees are connected to, satisfied with, and enthusiastic about their jobs 4
Job Satisfaction Examples… New York Times Article 5
How to Make Happy Employees 6
Personality About 56% of companies are using some sort of assessment tool as part of the hiring process this year. -Wall Street Journal Is this a good thing? Tune in for the debate on Thursday! 7
Person-Job Fit • The extent to which an employee’s personality affects his/her satisfaction and performance. 8
Personality Tests • Big Five Model • A personality trait model that examines five traits: 1. Extraversion 1. Sociable / Assertive 1. Responsible / Dependable 2. Agreeableness 3. Conscientiousness 4. Emotional stability 5. Openness to experience • Other personality tests exist, including the popular Myers-Briggs and Emotional Intelligence. 9
Individual Behaviors • Locus of Control • The degree to which people believe they control their own fate • Machiavellianism (“Mach”) • A measure of the degree to which people are pragmatic, maintain emotional distance, and believe that ends justify means • Self-Esteem (SE) • An individual’s degree of like or dislike for himself or herself • Self-Monitoring • A personality trait that measures the ability to adjust behavior to external situational factors 10
Mc. Donald’s • Mc. Donald’s online application has 35 questions that are aimed at understanding if applicant fits with work demands and culture. • Range from job-specific to more general in nature 11
Goldman Sachs • Goldman has a quiz on their website to encourage applicants to apply for divisions that are the best fit with the applicant • Read the Op-Ed by an employee who recently left Goldman Sachs. To what extent do you think attitudes and personality plays into this? 12
CVS • • CVS Caremark gives an online personality test Applicants had to agree and disagree with statements Rhode Island ACLU filed a complaint saying it was discriminatory Questions removed Examples of questions: 13
Perception 14
What is Perception and What Influences It? • Perception • A process by which we give meaning to our environment by organizing and interpreting sensory impressions • Attribution Theory • A theory used to explain how we judge people differently, based on what meaning we attribute to a given behavior 15
Distinctiveness – Is it unusual for this person? Consensus – Would everyone respond this way if in a similar situation? Consistency – Does the individual engage this behavior regularly? Copyright © 2011 in Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 8 -26
Can Attributes Be Distorted? • Fundamental Attribution Error o The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others • Self-Serving Bias o The tendency for individuals to attribute their successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 8 -25
Perception Shortcuts • Selective Perception o The tendency for people to only absorb parts of what they observe, allowing them to “speed read” others • Assumed Similarity o An observer’s perception of others is influenced more by the observer’s own characteristics than by those of the person observed Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 8 -27
Perception Shortcuts (cont. ) • Stereotyping o When we judge someone on the basis of our perception of a group he or she is part of • Halo Effect o When we form a general impression of a person on the basis of a single characteristic Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 8 -28
- Slides: 19