Personal Protective Equipment PPE Personal Protective Equipment Provide

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Personal Protective Equipment • Provide a barrier between you and the chemical • Chemical Protective Equipment (CPE) – Level A - vapor w/SCBA (encapsulating suits) – Level B - splash w/SCBA (cover skin) – Level C - splash w/APR (MMRS Program) – Level D - “normal” work clothes

Supplied Air Systems Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

Positive Pressure Self Contained Breathing Apparatus Advantages: Provides highest level of protection against airborne contaminates and oxygen deficiency Limitations: Bulky and heavy Limited air supply limits work duration May impair movement in confined spaces Unknown resistance to chemicals

Positive Pressure Supplied Air Respirator Connected to a manifold which is supplied by two or more tanks Possibility of unlimited air supply Less bulky with a longer work time Protects against airborne contaminates to the same level as PP SCBA

Positive Pressure Supplied Air Respirator Air line impairs mobility and limited to 300 feet (OSHA/NIOSH) Air line is vulnerable to damage, degradation, or mechanical decontamination where decontamination might prove difficult. Exit as you entered. Requires supervision / monitoring of air supply and lines. Not approved for IDLH atmospheres unless equipped with an emergency egress unit such as an escape only SCBA with a minimum of five minutes.

Air Purifying Respirators Enhanced mobility, less physical stress, lighter weight Negative pressure operations – can be full face or half face Normally used in controlled, well characterized areas not for emergency response Cartridge respirators-Must select proper cartridge Does not supply fresh air - oxygen levels must be greater than 19. 5%

Chemical Protective Clothing Level A (Vapor Protection) Provides responder with highest level of protection Level B (Splash Protection) Provides the responder with the highest level of respiratory protection and protection against contact with product from spills and splashes Level C (Splash Protection) Reduction in the respiratory protection but hazards shall be well characterized (known and measured) to provide use of APR’s.

Level A CPE

Level B CPE

Level C CPE

Chemical Protective Clothing Level D (normal workplace protections) Used much more commonly in routine industrial operations. No NFPA standard garment. May include items such as: Eye Protection Coveralls Boots that are chemically resistant Hard hat Gloves

Stresses of Wearing CPC’s Heat related stresses: Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Stroke Cold related stresses: Frostbite, Hypothermia Psychological stress: Hazardous area, “Body bag with Windows”

Stresses of Wearing CPC’s NFPA 471 (10. 3) (2002 edition) exclusion criteria includes: BP - diastolic pressure greater than 105 mm Hg Pulse - greater than 70% of max (220 -age) Respirations - greater than 24 Temp – greater than 99. 5 (oral) or 100. 5 core EKG – dysrhythmia not previously detected Mental Status – altered, slurred speech clumsiness, weakness Recent Medical History: Presence of nausea vomiting, diarrhea, fever, URI, heat illness, or heavy alcohol within the past 72 hours. Any alcohol within the past 6 hours New medications within the past 72 hours. Pregnancy

Chemical Resistance/Compatibility Three principle manners by which chemical protective clothing materials can be compromised: 1. Penetration 2. Degradation 3. 3. Permeation

Bio Isolation PPEs • Cover all skin • Use with respirator and eye protection • Should be rated for biological (bloodborne pathogen) protection by manufacture

Problems in the Agricultural Setting • Improper Use – Using inappropriate concentration (more is better) – Mixing compounds together • Improper Storage – – Next flammables No ventilation Stored next to incompatibles Compressed Gasses indoors

Problems in the Agricultural Setting • Limited or no PPEs – Eye & Face Protection – Apron – Gloves – Respiratory Protection • Poor or no Signage/Markings – Hazard areas – Safe areas

Problems in the Agricultural Setting • Limited or no Training – PPEs – Proper use • HAZCOM standard (29 CFR 1910. 120) – No MSDS – Don’t know standard • No Emergency or Spill Plan • Poor Housekeeping • Safety equipment not maintained

Problems in the Agricultural Setting • Usually a failure of multiple safety processes • Complacency • Performance before safety • Profit before safety (safety to expensive)

Example of Spill Procedures When Spill Occurs • • • Stop operations and equipment Isolate or evacuate area affected Emergency Notification If trained, contain and control spill Provide first aid and assistance to injured Clean up, decontamination

Natural Disasters • • • Hurricane/Typhoon Earthquake Tsunami Fire Flood Disease Outbreak – Agriculture – Wildlife – Human

Man Made Disasters • • • Transportation Unintentional Releases Civil Unrest Terrorism Technological – Electrical – Communications – Water (Fresh and Waste)

What is an emergency? • An Event that is-– Unplanned – Uncontrolled – Chaotic – Life, Property or Environmental Threat – Requires a rapid response to bring the event under control

What is an emergency response? • • Rapid or timely mitigation of events Best use of resources Trained personnel Favorably changes the outcome

Planned Response • Control – Isolation and Quarantine • Notification – Local, Law Enforcement, National and International Aid • Have a written plan • Test and Periodically Practice

Incident Command System • Management System – Who’s in charge? – What’s our goals? – What’s my tasks? – Where do I fit in the organization? – Whom do I report?

Incident Management • Places one person in charge • Clarifies objectives • Guides deployment of personnel & resources • Organizes personnel & tasks so that IC is not overwhelmed • Eases communications & identifies chain of command

Incident Management • Limits high risk activities & establishes resources to provide immediate assistance • Allows for growth and reduction of organizational structure • For some emergencies, it is a requirement of law, 29 & 40 CFR • Used by the Federal Government (NIMS)

Management Concepts • Division of Labor – Work is assigned based on functions, equipment available and training/capabilities of personnel – Qualified individuals are assigned the proper tasks • Lines of Authority – Personnel and functional groups know their roles within the organization and their relationship with other personnel participating in the emergency

Management Concepts • Delegation – Higher level of authority gives personnel or unit an assignment or tasks – Authority is delegated but responsibility is still with the IC • Unity of Command – One immediate supervisor – Prevents multiple and conflicting directives

Management Concepts • Span of Control – Number of personnel or units supervised at one time – Emergency operations, 4 -7 personnel or units – Factors include, degree of difficulty, level of danger, amount of authority given • Line Functions - functions directly associated with actual implementation of tasks • Staff Functions - functions associated with the support of incident operations or IC

Features of ICS • Common Terminology – uses common language “clear text” – pre-designated language from standard operating procedures • Integrated Communications – Common communications plan “trunking system” • Modular Organization – Organizational structure develops as-needed – Increases and reduces in size as needed

Features of ICS • Comprehensive Resource Management – Knows the status of available units – Analyses incident requirements and deploys available resources in a well-coordinated effort – “Tools in a tool box”, only take out the tools you need to get the job done - need to know what tools are needed and when to use them, in correct combination – Single Command Structure (single jurisdiction) – Unified Command Structure (multi-jurisdiction or responsibility)

Features of ICS – Consolidated Action Plans - Unified Command • A single plan of objectives • Efforts undertaken are conducted in a coordinated manner • Prevents duplication of tasks and contradictory work assignments – Designated Incident Facilities • Command Post, Staging Area, Rehab Area – Transfer of Command • Proper procedures to transfer to higher authority

Incident Command System • IC & Staff – PIO, Safety, Liaison • • • Operations Planning Logistics Finance Division, Group, Branch

Incident Command System IC Operations Section Fire. Fighting Entry HAZMAT Ventilation DECON Research Planning Section Public Information Safety Liaison Logistics Section Finance/ Administration Section

Scene Management • HAZMAT Sectors – Hot Zone - Contaminated area – Warm Zone - Contamination reduction zone or decon area – Cold Zone - Contamination Free Zone – Safe Zone - to facilitate nuisance free area

The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace Pacific Avian Influenza Training Workshop Carter Davis Pacific EMPRINTS Program hazmat@hawaii. rr. com