Persian Wars 490 BCE 479 BCE Copyright Clara

Background: • The Persians fought against the Greeks – Persia was ruled by Darius and Xerxes – Greeks- Athenians, Spartans, Ionians

Persians VS Greeks

What caused the Persian War? • Persia had conquered many lands including Ionia, a Greek colony in Anatolia, to create a vast empire • Ionia had been conquered by Persia. • Ionian Revolt: 499 BCE, Persian king Darius raised taxes and the Ionian Greeks got mad and revolted – Athens backed them up – Persians crushed the revolts

Causes • Darius wanted revenge on Athenians for helping so attacked mainland Greece

Major Battles 1. Battle of Marathon: Athenian forces fought the attacking Persians – Persia- 25, 000 soldiers –Greeks- 10, 000 soldiers –Phalanx battle formation gave the Greeks the victory • 6, 400 Persians died • 192 Greeks died

Phalanx Formation

Pheidippides • Ran to Athens from Marathon = 26. 2 miles • Told them of the victory • Died after giving the news * This is why marathons are now 26. 2 miles!

Part 2: Persian War • 10 years later • Xerxes, son of Darius vowed revenge. • Brought between 100, 000 -300, 000 troops through a narrow mountain pass

2 nd major Battle: Thermopylae • 3, 300 Greeks led by the Spartans held them off at a narrow pass in Thermopylae. – A traitor told Persians of another way around – Many Greeks retreat but 300 Spartans ; ) stood strong – They all died

3. Battle at Salamis • Athens is evacuated and fought at sea. • Athenians had a powerful navy • Greeks fought with new ships called Trireme. – Triremes punched holes in Persian ships and sink a third of the ships.

Trireme

4. Battle of Plataea • While Athens crushed the Persians at sea, Spartans were on the plain of Plataea and crushes the rest of the Persian army • Xerxes retreats

Battle Summary: Battle Winner Ionia Persia Marathon Greece Thermopylae Persia Salamis Greece Plataea Greece

Effects of the Persian Wars • Greece victory creates a sense of unity • Athens had control of what was left of Greece through leadership of the Delian League. • Delian League- an agreement that the remaining Greek city states would help each other

Pictures Cited • • • • Slide 1 – http: //www. post-gazette. com/images 4/20070309 ho_leonidas_450. jpg Slide 2 – http: //i 166. photobucket. com/albums/u 117/mikey_albert_photos/leonidis. jpg Slide 3 – http: //www. the-toy-soldier. com/images/romans 4. jpg, http: //www. the-toysoldier. com/images/romans 2. jpg, http: //www. markchurms. com/Merchant 2/graphics/eagle-l. jpg Slide 5 – http: //tn 1 -2. pv. deviantart. com/fs 11/150/i/2006/183/c/e/wendy__s_revenge_by_bri_chan. jpg Slide 7 – http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Battleofissus 333 BC-mosaic. jpg Slide 9 – http: //joseph_berrigan. tripod. com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/greekinfantry. jpg, Slide 10 – http: //www. livius. org/a/1/greece/phalanx. jpg Slide 11 – http: //www. 300 spartanwarriors. com/images/719_Warner_Bros. _Frank_Miller_300__300 Spartan. Warriors. jpg Slide 12 – http: //newsimg. bbc. co. uk/media/images/39748000/jpg/_39748185_p_diddy_203. jpg Slide 13 – http: //i 85. photobucket. com/albums/k 46/mooshy_01/Xerxes. jpg Slide 14 - http: //sha 3 teely. com/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/300 movie 02. jpg Slide 16 – http: //students. mnmsa. org/~tkosanke/Thermopylae. jpg Slide 17 – http: //www. molossia. org/milacademy/salamis. jpg Slide 18 – http: //www. sikyon. com/Athens/images/salamis_battle. jpg Slide 19 – http: //students. ou. edu/E/Ryan. C. Emrick-1/greek_trireme. JPG