Persia and India Unit 3 Bellringer Write down
Persia and India Unit 3
Bellringer • Write down what you remember from the video last class about the Persian Empire
Agenda • • • Bellringer Religions Chart Reading Lecture Timeline – Homework Reading Ch 4. 3 in textbook
Objectives • Describe Zoroastrianism within Persia • Explain Persians tolerance towards others
Religions Chart • Complete the Judaism Colum on your religions chart using your notes • Complete Zoroastrianism column using pg 96
Mesopotamia after the Sumerians • Assyrians – Warrior people • From Northern Mesopotamia • Lack of natural barriers make them war like
Assyrians Military • Glorified military strength – Iron making technology • Iron swords, spear, and arrows – Tactics – Engineering • Planned ahead
Assyrian Treatment of Captive People • Killed or enslaved captives • Moved conquered people away from their homelands
Assyrian Expansion • First captured Mesopotamia and later Egypt and Anatolia
Assyrian Rule • Organized territories into provinces • Emperies close people to govern areas or supported Kings who gave in to the Assyrians • Taxes and tribute • Armies protect the empire
Assyrian Culture • War • Lion hunts • Capital city: Nineveh – Library
Fall of the Assyrian Empire • Had many enemies • Chaldean destroy Nineveh – Rebuilt Babylon – Hanging gardens
Bellringer • Pull out Grapes chart for Persia
Agenda • Review GRAPES Chart • Persia Power. Point • Creation of timeline • Homework: Ch 3. 1 and 3. 2 Worksheet
Objective • Summarize the key aspects of the Persian Empire.
Pop Challenge • Place in the correct order. – Phoenicians – Persians – Babylonians – Assyrians – Hebrews
People of Mesopotamia • Hebrews • Phoenicians • Assyrians • All conquered by the Babylonians (the New Babylonians!) • Then by the Persians
Assyrian Empire
(New) Babylon
Persian Empire
Babylonians • King Nebuchadnezzar • Hanging Gardens (a Wonder of the World) • Forced the Hebrews to move to Babylon as slaves – Babylonian Captivity (also called the Exile)
Persians • Conquered the Middle East, Egypt, modernday Iran and Afghanistan, Asia Minor, and even into Europe
1. Where would you find the oldest part of the Persian empire?
2. When did the Persian empire reach its greatest extent?
Cyrus the Great • Founder of the Persian Empire • Conquered many lands • Known for his tolerance of other cultures and religions • Allowed the Hebrews to return to and rebuild Jerusalem
Cyrus the Great • Called “the Great” because of his conquests, and because people loved him • Persian Empire expanded easily, conquered peoples wanted to be a part of it
Persian Tombs • Known as the “king of kings”
Cambyses • Cyrus’ son. He’s not so great. • Cambyses is everything his father is not – Intolerant – Mean – Disliked • When he dies, the empire falls apart
Ms. Heath’s Rule of World History #4 Power will collapse without respect
Darius • The winner of a mini-civil war was Darius • Not related to Cyrus, but carries on his tradition • Creates the largest empire in the world up to that time
Darius • • Re-conquers the empire Restores tolerance Invades Greece Creates the Persian imperial achievements
Persia’s Achievements • Imperial bureaucracy • The Royal Road
Imperial Bureaucracy • Imperial = belonging to an empire • Bureaucracy = organizational structure in government that is in charge of running things • Darius built a really good one to manage his large empire
The Royal Road • Connected the major Persian cities • Important for: – Communication (messenger system) – Trade – Moving armies
3. Where were the two endpoints of the Royal Road?
Persian Religion • Called Zoroastrianism, named after the prophet Zoroaster • Monotheistic – Ahura Mazda • Based on conflict between good and evil • People choose sides and their soul is rewarded for choosing well
Persia Timeline • Create a timeline of the Persian Empire – Label at 5 major events in Persian History – Write a Description for each event – Add two visuals for your timeline
Bellringer • Pull out a piece of paper and divide it into 4 part. • Write Persia at the top • In the four section write the following and write down what you remember for each section – Government – Religion – Achievements – Leaders
Agenda • Bellringer • Review of Persia • Indo Europeans – Religions Chart • Vocabulary • Homework – Worksheet 7. 1 & 7. 2
Objectives 28. Explain the impact of Aryan migration into India. 29. Describe the major beliefs and traditions of Hinduism
Use the back of your paper PERSIA REVIEW
Question 1 • Place in the correct order 1. 2. 3. 4. Assyrians Persians Hebrew Babylonian
Question 2 • Which of the following was the Religion of the Persian Empire A. B. C. D. Buddhism Zoroasterism Hinduism Ziggerat
Question 3 • Compared to the Assryians the Persians…. . 1. Were tolerant towards conquered people 2. Were Mean towards conquered people 3. Tortured and cut off their heads
Question 4 • Which map if of the Persian Empire? A B
Question 5 • Name one achievement of the Persian Empire
Indus River Valley • Decline begins around 1750 BC • Reason for fall is unknown
India Geography • Isolated – Peninsula – Sub-continent • Himalaya • Hindu-Kush • But, mountain passes allow migration
Aryan Migrations • Aryan nomadic groups – Come from north of the Black Sea – Move into parts of Asia and Europe • Settle in India among the agricultural people already there
Aryan Culture • Aryans brought elements of their culture to India – Gods – Sacred writings: the Vedas and Upanishads – Religious rituals – Social class structure • Imposed their beliefs on the natives
World Religions Chart • Pull out your world religions chart • Using your book complete the Hinduism column of your chart – Pg 62 -64 Chapter 3. 2
HINDUISM
The Caste System • The rigid social class structure in India, a part of Hindu beliefs – Caste determines your social status, job, friends, spouse – Cannot change caste in your lifetime – Move up if you lead a good life and follow the rules
The Caste System
The Brahman • Hindu spiritual goal is to reunite their individual soul with Brahman, the “World Soul” • The world, all individuals and individual souls, and all gods derive from the Brahman
Hindu Gods • All gods are “manifestations” of the Brahman • Manifestation: appearance in bodily form – Hundreds or thousands of “gods” – VERY open religion – can worship many different things and be a Hindu • Is it polytheistic or monotheistic?
Hindu Gods • Common Hindu Gods – Brahma, the creator – Vishnu, the preserver – Shiva, the destroyer
Freeing the Soul • To reunite your atman with the Brahman, you must achieve perfect understanding: moksha • This takes more than one lifetime! Reincarnation (or rebirth in a new body) occurs after the cycle of life, samsara, is complete • Reaching moksha ends reincarnation
Reincarnation • Your position in the next life is determined by karma, the sum of your good and bad deeds and how well you performed your dharma, or the duty of your role in life • Dharma is associated with your caste, and karma determines what caste you return to – a very serious punishment or reward
Ms. Heath’s Rule of World History #5 They’re called gods for a reason
Bellringer On a sheet of paper answer the following question Match the word with the correct definition Moska Dharma 1. the sum of your good and bad deeds 2. achieve perfect understanding 3. the duty of your role in life Karma
Agenda • • Bellringer POP quiz Buddhism Video Religions chart
Objectives • Explain the connection between Buddhism and Hinduism • Identify the characteristic of Buddhism
Bellringer • Write down 3 items you remember about Hinduism
Agenda • • Bellringer Finish Video Religions chart Buddhism v. Hinduism • Homework: Study your Hinduism and Buddhism Vocabulary words
Buddhism
Hinduism’s Problems • Some people did not like – Inequality – Inaccessibility (need priests to interact with gods for you)
The Solution • A new faith • Siddhartha Gautama grew up sheltered from the world. • When he left his palace, he was shocked by what he saw – Became the founder of Buddhism
Buddha • Siddhartha left his life in a palace to seek wisdom • No one he met had any wisdom • So he meditated under a tree until he discovered the truth about the world – He became known as the Buddha: awakened or enlightened one
Four Noble Truths 1. To live is to suffer 2. Suffering is caused by desire 3. To end suffering, you must get rid of all desires 4. To do so, follow the Eightfold Path to enlightenment
Nirvana • nirvana : Enlightenment (unfair) • Enlightenment can be achieved by acting, thinking, and believing in the proper way • Nirvana ends your soul’s reincarnation
Karma • Buddhists believe in karma, much like Hindus • Instead of determining caste, karma provides your reincarnated self with desirable qualities (wealth, beauty, influence, etc. ) • Karma is based on your intentions, not just your actions
Solving Problems • Hinduism has inequality – Buddhism rejects the caste system. All Buddhists belong to the religious community • Hinduism is inaccessible, requires priests – Buddhism is very personal, individual meditation and self-improvement – Can reach nirvana in a single lifetime
About Buddha • Buddha is not a god! “Buddha” is a title granted to Siddhartha Gautama • Fat Buddha, and Buddha worship, is a later Chinese development
Religious Spread
Bellringer • Pull out your Mauryan and Gupta Empire GRAPES Chart
Agenda • Lecture Mauryan and Gupta Empires • Short Video Clip • Essay Writing Homework • Complete your essay for homework
HEADS UP TEST NEXT WEDNESDAY!!
Objective • Creating a compare and contrast thesis • Identifying the characteristics of Classical India
MAURYAN EMPIRE
Geography • Majority of India except southern tip
Religion • Hinduism • Buddhism – Asoka converts to Buddhism
Asoka • Chandragupta’s Son • Harsh and Brutal Warrior • Battle at Kautilya – Kills 100, 000 soldiers – Feels bad – Starts studying Buddhism and converts • Preaches nonviolence
Achievements • Unifying India • Sends missionaries to spread Buddhism-Asoka • Road system – Rest houses and wells for travelers
Political • Bureaucracy • Divides empire into 4 provinces • Royal prices govern provinces – Officials collect taxes and carry out laws
Economic • Farming • Trade- Indian Ocean trade
Social • Class system • Patriarchal
GUPTA EMPIRE
Geography • Smaller than Mauryan Empire – Northern and Central India
Religion • Hinduism
Achievements • Art • Literature • Science and Math
Political • Kings • Alliances with regional kings
Economic • Farming • Trade
Social • Caste System • Patriarchal
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