PERKEMBANGAN DEFINISI TEKNOLOGI PENDIDIKAN Oleh Prof Dr Yusufhadi

PERKEMBANGAN DEFINISI TEKNOLOGI PENDIDIKAN Oleh Prof. Dr. Yusufhadi Miarso, M. Sc. 1

ARTI DEFINISI • PEMBATASAN DAN/ATAU PENJELASAN SUATU KONSEP • SUATU KONSEP DIWAKILI OLEH SATU ISTILAH • ISTILAH DIPERLUKAN UNTUK MEMPERMUDAH KOMUNIKASI • ISTILAH ITU MENUNJUKKAN GAGASAN TERTENTU DAN MEWAKILI RUJUKAN TERTENTU 2

SEGITIGA ACUAN (Triangle of Reference) Me cu nu ga nju en kk M an Gagasan Istilah Mewakili Rujukan 3

DEFINISI KONSEP • DEFINISI KONOTATIF – MENGHUBUNGKAN/MENJELASKAN DENGAN KONSEP LAIN YANG KURANG ABSTRAK • DEFINISI DENOTATIF – MENUNJUKKAN GAGASAN DAN RUJUKAN, TERMASUK KONDISI, PROSEDUR DLL. YANG DIPERLUKAN 4

PERLUNYA DEFINIISI Konghucu (Confucius – seperti dikutip James D. Finn) : “The one thing needed is the definition of terms. If terms are ill defined, statements disagree with facts; when statements disagree with facts, business is mismanaged; when business is mismanaged, order and harmony do not flourish, then justice becomes arbitrary, the people do not know how to move hand or foot” 5

AWAL PERKEMBANGAN (1) • • Teaching aids (1920) Visual instruction (1928) – first book by Anna V. Doris “Visual Instruction in the Public Schools” Audiovisual Instruction (1930) Tujuan : • • • Mengkonkritkan konsep abstrak Mengklasifikasikan alat bantu visual Mengintergrasikan alat bantu visual dalam kurikulum 6

AWAL PERKEMBANGAN (2) • Audiovisual Communications (1932) – dibentuknya DAVI (Department of Audiovisul Instruction) dari NEA • Tujuan : • Promoting and using visual aids in the school • Enrichment for teachers in the classrooms • Techniques to improve instruction 7

DAVI of NEA • First Definition (1963) : Audiovisual communications is that branch of educational theory and practice primarily concerned with the design and use of messages which control the learning process. … These undertaking include the planning, production, selection, management, and utilization of both components and entire instructional systems. 8

PESIDENTIAL COMMISSION ON INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY (1970) • The media born of the communication revolution which can be used for instructional purposes • A systematic way of designing, carrying out, and evaluating the total process of learning and teaching in terms of specific objectives, based on the research in human learning and communication and employing a combination of human and non human resources to bring about more effective instruction 9

DAVI AECT 1970 • Second Definition 1972 Educational technology is a field involved in the facilitation of human learning through the systematic identification, development, organization and utilization of a full range of learning resources and through the management of these processes 10

THE FIELD OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY (1972) MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS LEARNING RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT FUNCTIONS LEARNING RESOURCES Research-Theory Organization Management of Design Production-Location Evaluation-Selection Personnel Management of people who resources by design resources by utilization people materials Organization-Supply settings Tools/equipment Utilization (utilization-dissemination) activities 11

AECT Third Definition • Educational technology is a complex, integrated process, involving people, procedures, ideas, devices and organization, for analyzing problem and devising, implementing, evaluating and managing solutions to those problems, involves in all aspects of human learning. 12

Domain of Educational Technology EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS Organization Management Personal Management EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUNCTIONS Research-theory Design Production Evaluation – Selection Logistics Utilization/ Dissemination LEARNING RESOURCES Message People Materials Devices Techniques Settings LEARNER 13

AECT Fourth Definition 1994 • Instructional technology is theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation of processes and resources for learning • Components of the definition : • theory and practice • of design, development, utilization, management and evaluation • of processes and resources • for learning 14

Definition of Instructional Technology (1994) DEVELOPMENT of processes and resources for learning DESIGN of processes and resources for learning UTILIZATION of processes and resources for learning THEORY & PRACTICE MANAGEMENT of processes and resources for learning EVALUATION of processes and resources for learning 15

ADAPTASI DEFINISI TEKNOLOGI PENDIDIKAN PERANCANGAN PROSES, SUMBER & SISTEM BELAJAR PENELITIAN PROSES, SUMBER & SISTEM BELAJAR PENGEMBANGAN PROSES, SUMBER & SISTEM BELAJAR TEORI & PRAKTEK PENILAIAN PROSES, SUMBER & SISTEM BELAJAR PEMANFAATAN PROSES, SUMBER & SISTEM BELAJAR PENGELOLAAN PROSES, SUMBER & SISTEM BELAJAR 16

CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPEMENT HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY TEKNOLOGI PEMBELAJARAN PERFORMANCE TECHNOLOGY TEKNOLOGI PENDIDIKAN/ KINERJA INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BEHAVIOR TECHNOLOGY PERAGAAN AJARAN Romiszowski Yusufhadi Miarso 17