Periodic Trends Continued Atomic Radius Ionization Energy Ionic

Periodic Trends Continued • Atomic Radius • Ionization Energy • Ionic Size • Electronegativity

Trend: Atomic Radius • Atomic Radius is: ½ the distance between nuclei of 2 atoms of the same element. • Trend • Reasoning: Increased nuclear charge pulls e- closer More principal energy levels = Bigger atom

Atomic Radii for Selected Atoms

Trend: Ionization Energy • Ions: are atoms that have gained or lost electrons. • Ionization Energy is: The energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom at ground state. • Trend • Reasoning: Increased nuclear charge pulls e- closer so they are harder to lose. As the atom gets bigger the nucleus has less effect on the e-in the highest shells.

Trend: Ionic Size • Metals tend to lose electrons to nonmetals that tend to gain electrons. • Cations are + ions (metals) • Anions are – ions (nonmetals) • Trend • Reasoning: Increased nuclear charge pulls e- closer so they are harder to lose. More principal energy levels = Larger

Trend: Electronegativity • Ability of an atom to attract electrons from other atoms (Electron Greediness) • Trend *Excludes Noble gases • Reasoning: Metals tend to lose e. Nonmetals tend to gain e. The atoms are bigger and the nucleus has little attraction for extra electrons.