Periodic Table Regions Chapter 19 supplement I How

Periodic Table Regions Chapter 19 - supplement

I. How are elements classified? A. Each element is a member of a family of related elements 1. Grouped by similarities in physical and chemical properties 2. There are 4 basic groups a. Metals b. Nonmetals c. Metalloids d. Noble gases

II. Metals A. Basic properties of metals 1. Shiny and able to be stretched or shaped 2. Good conductors of electricity and heat

B. 4 Kinds of metals 1. Alkali metals (group 1) Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr a. Highly reactive (especially with water) b. Soft c. Shiny d. Have 1 valence electron loses it to form +1 ions e. Rarely found in nature as elements

B. 4 Kinds of metals 2. Alkaline Earth metals (group 2) Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra a. Reactive b. Have 2 valence electrons loses them to form +2 ions c. Usually found as compounds d. Calcium makes up shells of sea animals

B. 4 Kinds of metals 3. Transition metals a. Groups 3 -12, and elements #57 -71, and elements #89 -103 b. Variable reactivity c. Lose electrons to form cations (positive ions) d. Conduct heat and electricity e. Found as elements in nature f. Many uses jewelry, wires, pipes, etc.

B. 4 Kinds of metals 4. Other metals Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sn, Pb, Bi, Po 5. Synthetic elements man-made a. All elements with atomic number 93 and higher b. Most are unstable and radioactive

III. Non-Metals A. On right side of the periodic table 1. Some of groups 13 -16 2. All of groups 17 and 18

III. Non-Metals B. Very plentiful on Earth 1. Found as elements 2. Found as compounds C. Halogens (group 17) F, Cl, Br, I, At 1. Form – 1 ions 2. Very reactive

IV. Noble Gases A. Group 18 He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn B. Generally exist as single atoms 1. Inert = unreactive 2. Never form ions

V. Metalloids A. In a stair step pattern between metals and nonmetals 1. B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te 2. Contain properties of metals and nonmetals 3. Called semiconductors conduct heat and electricity a little