Periodic Table Objectives 5 4 Locate metals nonmetals
Periodic Table Objectives ¡ 5. 4 Locate metals, nonmetals and metalloids in the periodic table. ¡ 5. 5 Locate the family of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and inert gases in the periodic table. ¡ 5. 6 Describe the progression of certain properties of elements in a given period on the basis of their atomic number. ¡ 5. 8 Justify the classification of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and inert gases in the periodic table on the basis of the simplified atomic model currently in use.
Metals, Non-metals and Metalloids Elements have characteristic properties that allow them to be classified into three groups. Ø 1 Ø 2 Ø 3
Properties of METALS ü Lustre (shiny) ü Conduct heat and electricity ü Ductile ü Malleable (bendable) ü Dense ü Most are solid at room temperature ü Release gas when placed in acid
Properties of NON-METALS Ø Dull (not shiny) Ø Poor or non-conductors Ø Non-ductile Ø Non-malleable (doesn’t bend) Ø Low densities Ø Will not react with acids Ø Can be gases, liquids or solids
Properties of METALLOIDS Metalloids are known as the “in between” group. They have some properties of both metals and non-metals. There are only 10 of these. Si (Silicon) is shiny but is not malleable or ductile
Metals, Non-metals and Metalloids ¡ ¡ Metals are found to the left of the step line on the periodic table. Non-metals are to the right of this line. Hydrogen is not a metal o Metalloids cluster right around this line.
(CLICK FOR ANSWER) State whether these are metals, nonmetals or metalloids. (use your periodic table as a guide)
(CLICK FOR ANSWER) State whether each of these is a metals non-metal or metalloid 1. Shiny and ductile ___________ 2. 2. Malleable and non conductor _______ 3. 3. Reacts with an acid and non ductile _____
5. Releases a gas when placed in an acid ___________ 6. Will not react with an acid _________ 7. Ductile and non conductor _________ 8. Low density _________ 9. Non malleable and ductile _________
PERIODIC TABLE Elements on the periodic table are organized according to their similar properties. q Columns (going down on the periodic table) are called groups or families q Rows (going across of the periodic table are called periods.
Next slide will show you a visual! Groups (Families) (Columns) There are 4 groups (families) that this course is concerned with. • 1 st column is called alkali metals (Group IA) • 2 nd column is called alkaline earth metals (Group IIA) • 7 th column is called halogens (Group VIIA) • The last or 8 th column is called the inert or noble gases (Group VIIIA)
Please mark these onto your own periodic table IA – Alkali Metals IIA – Alkaline Earth Metals VIIIA – Inert or Noble Gases VII- Halogens
Properties of Alkali Metals • Soft, light metals that melt at low temperatures • High degree of reactivity, especially with water Properties of Alkaline Earth Metals • Grey solids • Hard • Reactive
Properties of Halogens • Corrosive and toxic • Very reactive and colored • Often form compounds with other elements Properties of Inert (Noble) Gases • No chemical reactivity • Colorless • Do not form compounds with other elements
(CLICK FOR ANSWER) State which FAMILY the following substances belong to by reading its description: 1. Very Hard ___________ 2. 2. Very reactive and corrosive _______ 3. 3. Soft light metal __________ 4. 4. Non reactive with other elements 5. _________
Families and Periods The period # and the family # gives you very important information. - Tells you how many energy shells an element has - Tells you the number of electrons in the outer shell (valence electrons)
WHAT ARE VALENCE ELECTRONS? Valence electrons are the number of electrons in the outer most shell of an element. Lithium Magnesium 3 12 WHAT ARE ENERGY SHELLS? Li 7 3 P+ 4 N 0 1 valence electron 1 e 2 e- 2 valence Mg 24 electrons 12 P+ 12 N 0 2 e- 2 e 8 e-
Recall: Families - # of valence Periods - # of shells How many valence electrons and shells does the following element have? stfamily th 741 th familyso…. 74 1 valenceelectron family so…. valence electron rdperiod th 453 th periodso…. 453 energyshells period so…. energy shells
How many energy shells and valence electrons do the following elements have? (Click For Answer) Element Valence Electron Energy Shells Ca 2 4 N 5 2 Rb 1 5 Te 6 5 F 7 2
WHICH ELEMENT…. . Is Has non-reactive 3 valence electrons and has 2 and valence 4 energy electrons shells? 4 energy and Is. Has a colorless gasshells and has 4 energy is very reactive with levels? water?
¡ ¡ ¡ Note the difference of the properties of metals, non-metals and metalloids. Be able to find metals, nonmetals and metalloids on your periodic table Know the Families and names of the first two and last two columns. l l Group IA – Alkali Metals IIA – Alkaline Earth Metals VIIA – Halogens VIIIA – Inert or Noble Gases
¡ ¡ ¡ Valence Electrons are found in the outermost shell. The maximum number is 8. You must be able to tell how many valence electrons each Family on the Periodic Table has. Remember: Families – tells you # of valence electrons Periods – tells you # of energy shells
Activities ¡ WORKSHEET # 10
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