PERIODIC TABLE Metals NonMetals Metalloids Groups Families Periods

PERIODIC TABLE Metals, Non-Metals, & Metalloids; Groups / Families & Periods

The Periodic Table

METALS Found on the left side of the Periodic Table n Have less than 4 electrons in their outer orbit n Tend to give away electrons when forming bonds (+ ions) n

METALS n Have a luster and are often gray in color. n Are malleable – Can be bent or pounded into shape without breaking n Are ductile – Can be formed into wire n Are good conductors of heat and electricity

Examples of Metals

NON-METALS Found on the right side of the stair step line n Have more than 4 electrons in their outer orbit n Tend to take electrons when forming bonds ( - ions) n

NON-METALS n Have a dull finish n Are brittle and powdery n Are not ductile n Are poor conductors of heat and electricity

Examples of Non Metals

METALLOIDS n Elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals n They are found along the stair step line on the Periodic Table

Examples of Metalloids Boron

Groups / Families Groups or families are the vertical columns on the periodic table. n These elements have the same number of electrons in their outer orbits. n They also have many The group IIa elements; beryllium, characteristics in magnesium, calcium, strontium, & barium. They are called the Alkali common. n Earth Metals.

Groups / Families Which elements are these? upper left – magnesium lower right - calcium What do they have in common? The same number of electrons in their outer orbit.

Groups / Families Group VIIa is the Halogen family; fluorine, chlorine, bromine, & iodine. What do all of these elements have in common? Each has 7 electrons in its outer orbit. What characteristics do they have in common? All are very toxic and used as germ killers.

Alkali Metal Family Each has only one electron in it’s outer orbit n Soft metals that rapidly corrode when exposed to air n React violently with water n Part of many common salts n

Alkali Earth Metals Have 2 electrons in their outer orbits. n Highly reactive and corrosive metals. n Magnesium is found in abundance in sea water. n Calcium is important for bones and teeth. n

Halogens Selected Properties of the Group 7 Halogens Symbol and Name F Fluorine Cl Chlorine Br Bromine I Iodine At Astatine Atomic Number 9 17 35 53 85 Electron arrangement 2. 7 2. 8. 7 State and color at Melting Boiling room point temperature, color of vapor black darksolid, pale redgreen liquid, yellow verygas dark orange gasvapour to when heated bromine very dark grey vapour solid, purple o vapour -220 C, 53 K -188 o. C 85 K -101 o. C, 172 K -34 o. C, 239 K -7 o. C, 266 K 59 o. C, 332 K 114 o. C, 387 K 185 o. C, 458 K 302 o. C 575 K 337 o. C 610 K 2. 8. 18. 7 2. 8. 18. 32. 18. 7

Noble or Inert Gases Have full outer orbits. n Are gases at room temperature. n They rarely form compounds. Inert!! n Helium is the second most abundant element in the cosmos. n

Periods are the horizontal rows on the periodic table. n Elements in the same period have the same number of orbits containing electrons. n These elements do not have many other characteristics in common. n