Period 2 Super Review The years 600 B

Period 2 Super Review The years 600 B. C. E - 600 C. E. Created by: Josephi, John Ward, and Zachary Miller

First Things First A Crash Course World History reference

Introducing, the Empires of Period 2 Starring: Alexander the Great representing Greece! Cyrus the Great representing Persia! Emperor Chin Shi Huang representing Qin and Han China! And Asoka the Great representing Mauryan and Gupta India!

Greece - the classicalist civilization of all! -Started circa 1600 B. C. E. , but the more influential states such as Athens and Sparta didn’t assume their roles until around 600 B. C. E. -Unique initial development due to geographical isolation (Mediterranean Sea and Balkan Mountains) -Numerous small city-states competed with one another -Greeks settled new places instead of conquering them Settled all around the Mediterranean Basin Slavery was imposed on those with debt and anyone could become a slave -Vitality through trade -Empire collapsed after Peloponnesian War weakened

Time for your Close Up with Athens and Sparta! Athens- the Birthplace of Democracy Sparta- We have an oligarchy and like war -You see democracy just means voting so only free, male, landholding, citizens born in Athens could vote, but it’s a start, right? -As democracy became more prevalent, women lost power. Women confined at home. -Athens became the most powerful city-state after the Greco-Persian war by using the Hellenic League of city-states to finance its military and control trade. - -War because desire to protect themselves from invasion keep the conquered peoples in line. -Woman had relatively great freedom due to the absence of men to fight wars. -Women could divorce -Conquered people known a helots were nearly slaves -Sparta led the many other Greek city-states against Athens and the Hellenic League in the Peloponnesian War. Power prompted the Peloponnesian War and the end of the Greek Empire.

Alexander the Great- The Hellenistic Greek Empire -Born in Macedonia, part of Greece -Was able to conquer and unite the Greek city-states after Greek alliances weakened by the Peloponnesian War. -Caused the spread of Greek culture through his empire, including knowledge and architectural techniques -The empire extended from Macedonia in the west, to western India in the east, and to Egypt in the south -Military power through superior technology and tactics

The Case of the Castes of India -The Caste system has its basis in Hinduism, with each caste, or varna, representing a piece of the body of Brahma, the all soul. Members of different castes are not allowed to marry Hinduism itself is a mixture of the many diverse local religions of India -Hinduism states that the Caste system is based on reincarnation, with one’s varna corresponding to how well they performed their dharma, or religious duties, and how their karma, or acts corresponded to teachings -The ultimate goal of the Caste system is to rise through and out of the system to join, Brahmin and escape human suffering -Caste is subdivided into jatis, social groups similar to guilds -The Caste system easily assimilated outsiders into Indian society -It unified small communities Benefits

Ashoka the Great, aka The Great the Great, the Mauryan Empire, and Buddhism -The Mauryan Empire at its greatest extent under Ashoka the Great stretched from present day Pakistan, to present day Bangladesh. -Why did something so large stop growing? Good question invisible student, the Mauryan Empire stopped growing when its leader, Ashoka the Great, converted to Buddhism -Ashoka created many Buddhist temples, called Stupas along with the rock edicts, pillars in which Buddhist saying were cared -Original Indian Buddhism, or Theravada Buddhism is similar to Hinduism, but advocates against the Caste system and that anyone can achieve Nirvana, release from suffering, while on earth, and not only the higher Castes can achieve Enlightenment

Yupta, it’s the Gupta Empire -Considered the Golden Age of India -Hinduism was reinstated as the state religion -Education was encouraged, even with women -Sati, the ritual burning of widows after their husbands died was uncommon Innovations occurred such as the modern decimal system -Most influential leader was Chandra Gupta II -United the many warring princes of the Gupta Empire through marriage alliances -Conducted profitable trade with the Mediterranean

Persia. Achaemenid, I saw-menid, I conquer-id Achaemenid Empire(550 BCE - 330 BCE): The Achaemenid Empire was the first Persian Empire and it extended from the Balkans in the West to the Indus Valley in the East. It was the largest empire of its time, formed when Cyrus the Great (r. 559 -529 B. C. E. ) defeated Iranian peoples native to the land. Its accomplishments include building roads and postal systems as well as the development of a large army. First empire to hold different ethnic groups and treat them equally Persia’s economy at this point consisted mostly of agriculture and the trading of crops. (like Barley and Wheat. )

Roman Empire- They were always roamin’ around Rome becomes a Republic in 509 B. C. E. Established a system of checks and balances and a separation of powers. Citizens could choose to vote annually on magistrates. The laws of the 12 tables(449 B. C. E): An agreement to give plebeians(lower classes) voting power since they were important to the society. Women, however, were not equally represented in the government, yet they still enjoyed other benefits like rights to property

Zhou Dynasty, not Mine -1027 B. C. E to 476 B. C. E -Took over China from the Shang Dynasty -Created the Confucian principles of filial piety, respect for those placed above you -Created the idea of the Mandate of Heaven, that rulers could lose the gods’ favor and had to obey certain laws to remain in power -Ended in a warring states period Keep your Qin up Dynasty -221 B. C. E. to 207 B. C. E. -United China after the warring states period -Imposed Legalism instead of Confucianism on China -Legalism involves clearly defined laws with extremely harsh punishments -There was only one leader Shi Huangdi -Started the Great Wall of China

Han (not Solo) Dynasty -Took over from the Qin Dynasty -Reinstated Confucianism caused: -Increased patriarchy -Women’s obedience to son, husband, and f father -Development of Daoism allowed women more freedom -Government delegated roles to local officials -Transitioned from bronze to harder cast iron -Collapsed due to local lords gaining power and refusing to pay taxes or send soldiers to the imperial army

It’s Teotihuacan, not Teotihuacan’t. Teotihuacan is an ancient city that doesn’t have a clear “founder”. People in Mesoamerica started to form settlements near presentday Mexico City around 300 BCE. In addition to Pyramids, Teotihuacan had large residences capable of housing more than 1 family. It is said that Teotihuacan reached its peak in 450 CE, when it reached a population of around 200, 000 people. The largest city of it’s time Art was common It is said the Teotihuacan had strong interactions with the Maya

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