Period 2 Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies

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Period 2 – Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies 600 B. C. E. to

Period 2 – Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies 600 B. C. E. to 600 C. E.

How did religions help strengthen, political, economic and cultural ties within societies?

How did religions help strengthen, political, economic and cultural ties within societies?

Introduction • States and empires grow in size • Religious and cultural systems transformed

Introduction • States and empires grow in size • Religious and cultural systems transformed • Religions and belief systems offered • Provided a bond among the people • An ethical code • Combined with political authority • Rulers who think they are divine (Mandate of Heaven) • Justified their rule

Classical Faiths Develop How did religions promote a sense of unity?

Classical Faiths Develop How did religions promote a sense of unity?

Religions?

Religions?

Origins of World Belief Systems • Polytheism

Origins of World Belief Systems • Polytheism

Origins of World Belief Systems • Judaism • Spread to eastern Mediterranean and Central

Origins of World Belief Systems • Judaism • Spread to eastern Mediterranean and Central Asia by Assyrians (600 BCE) and the Romans (70 CE) • The covenant, the law, and the prophets • The Ten Commandments

Forced Migration of Jews Created Diaspora Communities

Forced Migration of Jews Created Diaspora Communities

Prince of Egypt Moses

Prince of Egypt Moses

The Exodus

The Exodus

Map of Israelites Exodus

Map of Israelites Exodus

Moses and the 10 Commandments

Moses and the 10 Commandments

How do the Hebrew Scriptures reflect the influence of the Mesopotamian culture?

How do the Hebrew Scriptures reflect the influence of the Mesopotamian culture?

Origins of World Belief Systems • Hinduism • Outlined in Sanskrit scriptures • No

Origins of World Belief Systems • Hinduism • Outlined in Sanskrit scriptures • No single founder • Vedic religions • Oral tradition, then recorded in sacred texts • Veda and the Upanishads

Caste System • Central importance in India • All living things participate in the

Caste System • Central importance in India • All living things participate in the caste system • Cycles reincarnation elevate their souls to the highest level of spirituality or MOKSHA, when the soul becomes one with Brahmin, the Great Soul • The process can take hundreds of years and thousands of lifetimes • A soul can move up or down the ladder toward Moksha depending on Dharma (deeds) and sincerity

Hinduism ❧Karma ❧ Teaches one’s social position in life was a sign of good

Hinduism ❧Karma ❧ Teaches one’s social position in life was a sign of good or bad deeds performed in a previous life ❧Levels of Caste ❧ If one moved higher on ladder they had demonstrated good karma in a previous life ❧ If one moved down, …bad karma

Hinduism ❧ The Caste System ❧ Brahmin ❧ Priestly ❧ Kshaytria ❧ Ruling ❧

Hinduism ❧ The Caste System ❧ Brahmin ❧ Priestly ❧ Kshaytria ❧ Ruling ❧ Vaisyas ❧ Sudra ❧ Laborer ❧ Pariah ❧ Untouchable Pariah