Period 2 600 BCE to 600 CE 2
Period 2 600 BCE to 600 CE 2. 1 Codification of Religious & Cultural Traditions 2. 2 Development of States & Empires 2. 3 Emergence of Interregional Networks & Trade
2. 1 Codification of Religious & Cultural Traditions Judaism – Hebrew Monotheism, influenced by Meso Torah= Scriptures ethical rules Conquered by Assyr. , Babys, & Rom = Diaspora (spread) Lots of small communities throughout SWAsia Vedic (early Hindu) in South Asia Sanskrit Scriptures, Reincarnation, Brahma Caste System = Social order
2. 1 Codification of Religious & Cultural Traditions Buddhism Enlightenment thru 4 truths & 8 -fold path Reincarnation, Nirvana, Not Caste System Ashoka support = spread Confucianism (no salvation = not religion; philosophy) Analects, 5 Relationships Period of Waring States, proper order = Social Harmony Daoism – Philos, (L 8 r Relig) Laozi Balance nature & man = Harmony
2. 1 Codification of Religious & Cultural Traditions Christianity – teachings of Jesus, start w/Paul Based on Judaism, w/Rom& Hellenistic ideas Repressed by Rome early, l 8 r accepted, Constantine Spread missionaries – SWAsia, Euro, Afr Greco-Roman Philosophy Based on Logic, observation Stoicism
Watch be sure you see where it started & where it spread
Religion & Social Structure Gender- Monks both male & female Still patriarchy, but some opportunity for women Christian Monks Buddhist Monks Confucian filial piety
Other Religions still in play Shamanism – belief in spirits/gods led by shaman Pastoral nomads, Africa, Asia, Americas Animism – belief in nature has soul (plants, etc) & super natural forces (often linked w/Shamanism) Shinto Japan, Pastoral nomads, Africa, Asia, Americas Ancestor Veneration China & Sub-AFRICA!
2. 2 Development of States Which States How they ruled & unified
Persian empires - SWAsia
Han empire 206 BCE – 220 Liu Bang conquers Qin. CE Centralized control Han Wudi adds territory Confuciansim Late Han – not as strong Falls in 220 CE
Teotihuacan Meso. Amer City state 200 K Built on trade Theocratic? Mayan Several city-states Theocratic Human Sacrifice Writing +2 mill Gone? Ecological degradation, Climatic Change?
Moche Andean Society Chavin Only comparison questions Limited local trade Theocracy
North America Chaco Cahokia
New Imperial Administrative Techniques China- Legalism & Confucianism Persia– Satraps (Governors controlling areas) Rome- Republic & Empire South Asia. Maurya -Asoka Gupta –Tributary states (sends money to the superior power for protection)
States Promoted Trade & Projected Power Making Currencies Diplomacy Supply Lines Building Forts & Walls Great Wall Early on Building Roads Roman Roads, Persian, China, Recruiting Soldiers Roman use of Germanics & Locals Gaul
Cities – centers for trade, Know these: location & empire culture, & gov’t 1. Persepolis 2. Chang’an 3. Patilaputra 4. Athens 5. Carthage 6. Rome 7. Alexandria 8. Constantinople 9. Teotihuacan 2 64 8 5 7 9 1 3
Monar. Mona ch, rch, Social Structures Royal Family Nobles, Aristocrac Aristocra y cy Gov’t Officials, Educated Officials, Gov’t Educated Craftsmen, Farmers Merchants*, Craftsmen, Farmers Landless Peasants Merchants Slaves
Patriarchy the Norm Greece Mainly Patriarchy the Veil Athens- no vote Exception. Sparta Rome Pater Familias ♀ subservient Divorce whenever But $$♀ often owned property Persia Subservient ? ? India China Mesoam er Sati. Confucianis Male Caste m Dominated carried by ♂ Foot binding Warriors How sad to be a women. Few exceptions
Collapse of Empires Internal Factors Poor leadership, Social Tensions, Land Distribution, $$ Disparity External Factors Spread of disease, Invasions
2. 3 Interregional Networks 1. Trade Routes 2. New Transportation Technologies 3. Cultural Diffusion
Know these Trade Routes
New Technologies for Trade Yoke Saddle Stirrup
Maritime Trade Technologies Dhow Lateen Sails Monsoon Winds
Spread of Crops New Spread of Rice Ag. Techniques Cotton Water Wheels Noria, Sakia
Spread of Disease
Religions Transformed Christianity – Refined Buddhism Zen Japan
Test Your Knowledge
Test Your Knowledge Name five… major religions (present in this time period) Name four…causes of the fall of classical empires Name three…advances in science/technology Name two…major trade routes Name two…imperial cities Name one… religion that spread along trade routes Name one…type of Buddhism
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