Period 1 Put on show mode Overview Period

Period 1 Put on show mode

Overview • Period 1 Beginning to 600 B. C. E. + – Paleolithic Age – Neolithic Age • Neolithic Revolution – River Valley Civilizations • • Mesopotamia Egypt Indus Valley Huang He river valley

Question 1 • Early agriculture in the Americas 1. Developed as a result of cultural diffusion from the Eastern Hemisphere 2. Featured the domestication of larger animals than in the Eastern Hemisphere 3. Begin Later than in the Eastern Hemispheres 4. Did not produce the wide variety of crops than the Eastern Hemisphere did 5. Saw the rise of urbanization earlier than did the Eastern Hemisphere

Question 2 • The Agricultural Revolution a. Began with an extensive pattern of cultural diffusion b. Occurred about the same time throughout the world c. Was confined to nonwestern civilization d. Was an abrupt process beginning in 8000 B. C. E. e. Saw the use of agricultural methods that encouraged migrations

Question 3 • During the Agricultural Revolution, women a. b. c. d. e. Were confined to childbearing duties Participated in hunting activities with men Experienced a decrease in status Were not represented in Neolithic art Observed and studied the agricultural environment

Question 4 • The Neolithic Age a. Saw the beginnings of urbanization b. Saw the process of agriculture carried out without the use of metal tools c. Produced societies without class distinctions d. Saw a decline in global populations e. Witnessed the end of nomadic societies

Question 5 • Early urban dwellers a. Were dominated by people in agriculture settlements b. Left the pursuit of religious practices to agricultural peoples c. Saw the need for a government d. Were exempt from taxation e. Were offered few opportunities to carry out specialized tasks

Question 6 • The Egyptian civilization was similar to the Sumerian civilization a. b. c. d. e. In its reliance on natural defense barriers In its system of social stratification In its political structure In the extent to which its culture was diffused In the nature of the flood pattern of its major rivers

Question 7 • The earliest civilization in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres were similar in a. Their location at similar latitudes b. Their technological knowledge c. Their reliance on the flooding of major rivers in their midst d. Their practice of polytheism e. The extent of their trade contacts with neighboring people

Question 8 • The Indus valley civilization a. Relied heavily on communal planning b. Is best studied through its written records c. Was isolated from other river valley civilizations because of surrounding mountains d. Declined after the arrival of Aryan invaders e. Shared similar flood control concerns with the Egyptians

Question 9 • The Early civilization with the least developed technology was a. b. c. d. e. Mesoamerican Harappan Egyptian Sumerian Shang

Question 10 • The roots of classical India included a. b. c. d. e. The Aryan written language, or Sanskrit The egalitarian Aryan society Aryan agricultural knowledge A society united by jati Vedic traditional literature

Question 11 • Shang China a. Developed numerous artistic work even though they did not know the use of metals b. Left no decipherable written records c. Was prevented by natural barriers from trading with other early civilizations d. Contributed to the development of central government in China e. Was less urbanized than the Nile river civilization

Question 12 • Early societies of South America a. Were unified under a central government b. Were challenged by geographic limitations c. Developed societies that had no knowledge of metals d. Traded widely with regions to their north e. Built upon Mesoamerican cultural traditions

Question 13 • Results of cultural diffusion among early civilization included a. b. c. d. e. The invention of the wheel The legend of Quetzakcoatl The cultivation of potatoes Harappan sewage systems None of the above

LETS SEE HOW YOU DID!

Answers (explanations will be on the next slides) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. C E E A C B D 8. A 9. A 10. E 11. D 12. B 13. B

Question 1 • C • Agriculture in the Americas began around 5000 BCE, whereas that in the Eastern Hemisphere had began at least 3000 years earlier. Agriculture in the Americas developed independently (A). Animals in the Americas were smaller than those in the Eastern Hemisphere (B). Although food crops n the Americas differed from those in Eastern Hemisphere, a wide variety, including maize, squash, beans, and cacao, was produced (D). Urban areas such as those of Sumer predated urban areas in the Americas (E).

Question 2 • E • Slash-and- burn cultivation resulted in the migration of early agriculture people as the soil lost its fertility. The Agriculture Revolution developed independently throughout the world (A) and at different times (B). The beginnings of agriculture was a gradual process (D) that occurred in both Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although at different times ©.

Question 3 • E • Women studied the growth of plants and became the first farmers. As such, they were not confined merely to childbearing duties (A). Men handled the more strenuous duties of hunting (B). Women’s role as farmers and childbearing gave them an important in Neolithic society ©. A role that was represented in the fertility status of the Neolithic Age (D).

Question 4 • A • Te first cities arose in Sumer. Some Neolithic societies used tolls of copper, bronze and later Iron (B). Societies were often stratified, with elite classes, peasants and slaves ©. Because of the success of early agriculture , population rose rapidly worldwide during the Neolithic age (D). Although many nomadic people changed to a settled lifestyle in the Neolithic Age, nomadism continues to the present (E)

Question 5 • C • Government arose from a need to cooperate in major projects such as irrigation and flood control. Early cities trended to embrace and extend their governments to nearby agricultural settlements (A). Religious leaders played a role in early cities (B). Residents were required to pay taxes or tribute (D), and specialization of labor was commonplace

Question 6 • Both Egypt and Sumer had societies comprising various social classes of the elite, peasants, and slaves. Whereas Egypt enjoyed natural defense barriers, Sumer did not (A). Sumer was governed by kings of local city-states, whereas the Egyptian pharoahs was the supreme ruler © Although the Egyptians largely developed themselves culturally, Sumerian culture was widly diffused by later conquerors (D). The Nile River flooding was predictable, whereas that of the Tigris and Euphrates was not (E).

Question 7 • D • All the earliest agricultural civilization worshipped many gods. They were located in different latitudes (A) and enjoyed different levels of technology (B). The civilization of the Western hemisphere did not rely on the flooding of rivers ©. Trade in China and Andean civilization and societies was limited

Question 8 • A • Te presence of granaries and well planned street grids in the cities of the Harappan civilization of the Indus valley is evidence of considerable community planning. The writing of the Harappan civilization is so far undecipherable (B). Indus valley people bypassed mountain barriers and traded by sea © Their civilization had already declined markedly before the arrival of the Aryans (D). Flood patterns of the Indus were unpredictable, whereas those of Egypt were predictable

Question 9 • A • Early Mesoamerican civilization did not even have the knowledge of the wheel, whereas the other civilization mentioned did not have to rely on human muscle for contraction of irrigation projects

Question 10 • E • The tradition of the Vedas became an integral part of Indian society. Sanskrit, the language of the Aryans, was originally an oral language only (A). Aryan society consisted of a number of classes based on skin color, which would become the foundation of the Hindus caste system (B) Aryans were nomadic people who learned of agriculture from the Dravidian people of India ©. The society of classical India was divided by jati, or sub castes of the Hindu caste system (D).

Question 11 • D • The Shang brought the settlements of northern china under the control of a centralized government. Shang dynasty to leave written records (B. Although natural barriers lessened trade, the Shang carried out some trade with south Asia and Southwest Asia © A number of cities arose in China under the Shang (E)

Question 12 • B • The rugged Andean terrain hindered political unity. Early south American societies were organized into local governments (A) and knew the use of copper ©. Trade with the north was limited because of geographical barriers (D) preventing South American societies from building upon the traditions of Mesoamerica (B).

Question 13 • B • The legend of Quetzalcoatl diffused throughout early Mesoamerican cultures and civilization. The invention of the wheel (A) was an independent contribution of the Sumerians. The cultivation of potatoes © was limited to the early Andean societies and civilization. Harappan sewage systems (D) were unique to the people of the Indus valley civilization