PERFORMANCE STANDARDS IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM EFFECTIVE DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM & EFFECTIVE DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT USING SMART GRIDS Group-3: Aditya -03 Ambuj -05 Deepak - 15 Kinshuk -25 Swetabh -39

KEY STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE Restoration of power supply Quality of power supply Complaints about meters Application for new connections/ additional loads Complaints about consumers bill Issues relating to disconnection and reconnecting of supply.

ISSUES Safety instructions for working on mains & apparatus. Lack of responsibility Lack of training Carelessness and ignorance Public safety Safety measures in operation of substation, T&D lines.

METHODS TO MEASURE AND IMPROVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM RELIABILITY Performance indices � System average interruption frequency index (SAIFI) SAIFI = (total no. of customer interruption / total no. customer served) � System average interruption duration index (SAIDI) SAIDI = (sum of the customer interruption duration / total no. customer)

METHODS TO MEASURE AND IMPROVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM RELIABILITY � Customer average interruption frequency index (CAIFI) CAIFI = (total no. of customer interruption / total no. customer affected) � Customer average interruption duration index (CAIDI) CAIDI = (total no. of customer interruption duration / total no. of customer interruption) � Average service availability index (ASAI) ASAI = (8760 – SAIDI) / 8760

Effective Distribution Management using Smart Grids

PRESENTATION STRUCTURE Distribution Infrastructure in India Overview of smart grid Key technologies and solutions Smart Grid in India

DISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDIA 80% of villages are ‘electrified’, yet… 45% of the population doesn’t have access to electricity v ~400 Million people without electricity (US population ~300 Million) v Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&C) losses are very high >25% on average, >50% in many states v High electricity ‘theft’; poor policing / enforcement due to political reasons v Subsidies to agricultural sector v Free or very low-cost power which is often un-metered v Hard to separate free power from ‘theft’ v

DISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDIA ( CONT. . ) v v ~60 Electricity Distribution companies in India Generally state-owned monopolies Generally loss making entities (average loss 11% of sales / year mainly due to high AT&C losses and poor revenue collection) Reform of the distribution sector identified as a key need by the government APDRP, R-APDRP – Reducing AT&C losses a key focus Open-Access for the distribution network to foster competition Laws against theft - better enforcement, better communication Privatization & Franchising of distribution network Demand Side Management – especially in agricultural sector Rationalization of tariffs and removal of cross-subsidies

SMART GRID Integration of Electrical & Digital technologies, information and communication which facilitates integration of business processes and systems to yield real measurable value across the power delivery chain. Components of the smart grid: Ø Smart Power meters Ø Smart Substations Ø Smart Distribution Ø Smart Generation

KEY TECHNOLOGIES AND SOLUTIONS Utilities Distribution Communication Consumers Advanced Components: Super conductivity, Fault tolerance, power electronics and diagnostic components Phasor measurement unit: WAMS (Wide Area Measurement Systems) Demand response: Demand side management, Distribution monitoring and control. Advanced Metering: AMR/AMI, metering analysis software, Sensors. Substation automation: Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED’s) Power system automation: Voltage stability monitoring and control. Networks and transports: WAN/LAN Wired PLC SMART appliances: Remote load control, Building automation.

SMART GRID IN INDIA v v APDRP, R-APDRP initiative for distribution reform (AT&C focus) DRUM India – Distribution Reform Upgrade, Management Four pilot sites (North Delhi, Bangalore, Gujarat, Maharashtra) � Smart Grid Vision for India � v v v Smart Grid Task Force – Headed by Sam Pitroda BESCOM project – Bangalore – Integration of renewable and distributed energy resources into the grid KEPCO project in Kerala India - $10 Billion initiative for Smart-Grid L&T and Telvent project – Maharashtra – Distribution Management System roll-out Housing – Rabirashmi Abasan Housing project – Kolkata (2008). First instance of net metering in India from roof-top Solar SA Habitat and Valence Energy – Hyderabad (2009). Distributed generation via roof-top solar for 40% in a micro-grid

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