Performance Enhancing Drugs Sports Medicine I Recreational and

Performance Enhancing Drugs Sports Medicine I

Recreational and Performance Enhancing Drugs n Recreational drugs – – – Alcohol Marijuana cocaine n Performance Enhancing – Anabolic steroids – caffeine Both have serious and sometimes irreversible side effects!!!

Alcohol n n Most commonly abused drug at all levels Peer pressure to drink is extreme Universally accepted Most difficult drug to control

Alcohol n Results in deterioration of the psychomotor skills of – – – Reaction time Hand-eye coordination Accuracy Balance Complex coordination

Alcohol n Consistently Decreases – – – Strength Power Local muscular endurance – Speed – Cardiovascular endurance

Marijuana Second most commonly abused substance n Significant effects with athletic performance n n Effects: – Major impairment of coordination – Impairment of tracing performance – Slowed reaction time – Altered perception of speed, time, and space – Short-term and long-term memory loss – Prolonged learning time

Marijuana n “Anti-Motivational Syndrome” – Apathy – Loss of ambition and effectiveness – Diminished ability to carry out long-term plans – Difficulty concentrating – Decline in academic and athletic performance – Intermittent confusion – Impaired memory – Loss of energy

Tobacco Products Rules and regulations n Products established to curb – Smoking use of tobacco in – Chewing athletics – Snuff n Cancer is linked to the use of these products n Baseball has seen the most recent regulations n

Anabolic Steroids Synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosterone n Most controversial drugs n Hope is to increase strength and size of muscles n Little evidence that there are benefits n Steroid use without training, there is no effect of muscle size or strength n

Anabolic Steroids n Side Effects (Men) – – – – Aggressive behavior Liver damage Impaired kidney function Enlarged prostate Decreased testosterone Testicular atrophy Growth of breast tissue Elevated blood pressure n Side Effects (Women) – – – Deepened voice Growth of facial/chest hair Liver damage Menstrual irregularities Impairment of reproductive capactiy

Caffeine n n Moderate amounts increase mental alertness Too much may cause anxiety, hamper performance, increase heart rate Has a diuretic effect Adversely affects performance

Creatine n n Recently gained notoriety Burn a high-energy compound stored in muscle Large dosages contributes to dehydration More research must be conducted

Recognition of Drug Use n n n Motivation variations Changes in personality/behaviors Withdrawal from companionship Decline in performance (physically and academically) Inability to coordinate n n n n n Poor personal hygiene Muddled speech Impaired judgement Restless, jittery Muscular twitches Heavy sweating Bad breath Red eyes Increased appetite

Banned Substance Lists n http: //www. ncaa. org/wps/wcm/connect/5 3 e 6 f 4804 e 0 b 8 a 129949 f 91 ad 6 fc 8 b 25/200910+Banned+Drug+Classes. pdf? MOD=AJP ERES&CACHEID=53 e 6 f 4804 e 0 b 8 a 129949 f 91 ad 6 fc 8 b 25

NCAA Video n http: //web 1. ncaa. org/web_video/health_a nd_safety/drugtesting/2009_drug_ed_testing. html