Performance Appraisal and Performance Management Performance Appraisal is

Performance Appraisal and Performance Management

Performance Appraisal is the process of evaluating how well employees perform their jobs when compared to a set of standards, and then communicating the information to employee. Effective appraisal begin be fore the actual appraisal, with the manager defining the employee’s job and performance criteria.

Continued…. Ø Informal Appraisal Day-to-day contacts, largely undocumented Ø Systematic Appraisal Formal contact at regular time intervals, usually documented

Conflicting Uses for Performance Appraisal

Identifying and Measuring Employee Performance • Performance Ø What an employee does and does not do. v v v Quantity of output Timeliness of output Cooperativeness • Quality of output • Presence at work • Job Criteria Ø Important elements in a given job

Types of Performance Information

Defining the Employee’s Goals and Work Standards Guidelines for Effective Goal Setting Set SMART goals Assign specific goals Assign measurable goals Assign challenging/ doable goals Encourage participation

Setting SMART Goals • Specific, and clearly state the desired results. • Measurable in answering “how much. ” • Attainable, and not too tough or too easy. • Relevant to what’s to be achieved. • Timely in reflecting deadlines and milestones.

Who Should Do the Appraising? Immediate supervisor Peers Rating committee Self-rating Potential Appraisers Subordinates 360 -degree feedback

Performance Appraisal Roles • The Supervisor’s Role Ø Usually do the actual appraising Ø Must be familiar with basic appraisal techniques Ø Must understand avoid problems that can cripple appraisals Ø Must know how to conduct appraisals fairly

Performance Appraisal Roles (cont’d) • The HR Department’s Role Ø Serves a policy-making and advisory role. Ø Provides advice and assistance regarding the appraisal tool to use. Ø Trains supervisors to improve their appraisal skills. Ø Monitors the appraisal system effectiveness and compliance with EEO laws.

Effectively Appraising Performance Steps in Appraising Performance(process) 1 Defining the job and performance criteria 2 Appraising performance 3 Providing feedback session

Designing the Appraisal Tool • What to Measure? Ø Work output (quality and quantity) Ø Personal competencies Ø Goal (objective) achievement • How to Measure? Ø Generic dimensions Ø Actual job duties Ø Behavioral competencies

Performance Appraisal Methods Appraisal Methodologies 1 Graphic rating scale 6 Narrative forms 2 Alternation ranking 7 Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) 3 Paired comparison 8 Management by objectives (MBO) 4 Forced distribution 9 Computerized and Web-based performance appraisal 5 Critical incident 10 Merged methods

Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) Developing a BARS Advantages of BARS 1. Write critical incidents 2. Develop performance dimensions 3. Reallocate incidents 4. Scale the incidents 5. Develop a final instrument Ø A more accurate gauge Ø Clearer standards Ø Feedback Ø Independent dimensions Ø Consistency

Management by Objectives (MBO) • A comprehensive and formal organizationwide goal-setting and appraisal program requiring: 1. Setting of organization’s goals 2. Setting of departmental goals 3. Discussion of departmental goals 4. Defining expected results (setting individual goals) 5. Conducting periodic performance reviews 6. Providing performance feedback

The Appraisal Interview Satisfactory—Promotable Types of Appraisal Interviews Satisfactory—Not Promotable Unsatisfactory—Correctable Unsatisfactory—Uncorrectable

Handling Defensive Responses How to Handle a Defensive Subordinate 1 Recognize that defensive behavior is normal. 2 Never attack a person’s defenses. 3 Postpone action. 4 Recognize your own limitations.

How to Deliver Criticism How to Criticize a Subordinate 1 Do it in a manner that lets the person maintain his or her dignity and sense of worth. 2 Criticize in private, and do it constructively. 3 Give daily feedback so that the review has no surprises. 4 Never say the person is “always” wrong. 5 Criticism should be objective and free of biases.

Formal Written Warnings • Purposes of a Written Warning Ø To shake your employee out of bad habits. Ø To help you defend your rating, both to your own boss and (if needed) to the courts. • A Written Warning Should: Ø Identify standards by which employee is judged. Ø Make clear that employee was aware of the standard. Ø Specify deficiencies relative to the standard. Ø Indicate employee’s prior opportunity for correction.

Performance Management • Performance Management Ø Is the continuous process of identifying, measuring, and developing the performance of individuals and teams and aligning their performance with the organization’s goals. • How Performance Management Differs From Performance Appraisal Ø A continuous process for continuous improvement Ø A strong linkage of individual and team goals to strategic goals Ø A constant reevaluation and modification of work processes

Basic Concepts in Performance Management and Appraisal Performance Management Setting work standards, assessing performance, and providing feedback to employees to motivate, correct, and continue their performance. An integrated approach to ensuring that an employee’s performance supports and contributes to the organization’s strategic aims.

Basic Building Blocks of Performance Management Direction sharing Goal alignment Ongoing performance monitoring Ongoing feedback Coaching and development support Rewards, recognition, and compensation