Perception z Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness

Perception z. Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Testing Selective Attention

Perceptual Illusions: Ames’ cube

Perceptual Organization z. Remember visual capture concept z. Grouping ythe perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups y. Gestalt, figure-ground, continuity, etc.

Perceptual Organization. Gestalt z. Gestalt- an organized whole y. Turning pieces into big picture (illusory contours) z. Grouping Principles yproximity- group nearby figures together ysimilarity- group figures that are similar ycontinuity- perceive continuous patterns yclosure- fill in gaps yconnectedness- spots, lines and areas are seen as unit when connected

Illusory Contours • Gestalt Principles - an organized whole Turning pieces into big picture (illusory contours) Remember Wertheimer

Perceptual. Organization. Grouping Principles

Perceptual Organization. Gestalt z. Figure-ground perception y. People distinguish between target figure and background z. Simplicity y. People tend to perceive the simplest pattern possible

Perceptual Recognition z. How do we recognize things? One theory: y. Recognition-by-components: - We detect components of object and then compare to our “database” - Incomplete theory!

Perceptual Organization. Depth Perception z. Depth Perception yability to see objects in three dimensions yallows us to judge distance z. Binocular cues yretinal disparity ximages from the two eyes differ xcloser the object, the larger the disparity yconvergence xneuromuscular cue xtwo eyes move inward for near objects

Perceptual Organization. Depth Perception Visual Cliff

Perceptual Organization. Depth Perception Relative Size relative size smaller image is more distant

Perceptual Organization. Depth Perception You can tell one is closer to you then the other; closer object blocks distant object

Perceptual Organization. Depth Perception Perspective Techniques

Perceptual Organization. Depth Perception z. Monocular Cues yrelative size yinterposition yrelative clarity xhazy object seen as more distant ytexture coarse --> close fine --> distant

Perceptual Organization. Depth Perception z Monocular Cues (cont. ) yrelative height xhigher objects seen as more distant yrelative motion xcloser objects seem to move faster ylinear perspective xparallel lines converge with distance yrelative brightness xcloser objects appear brighter

Perceptual Organization. Motion Perception z. Motion detectors in neural pathways z. Changing images across the retina when eyes not moving* and… z. Stable images on retina when eyes moving* z * this doesn’t refer to saccades, rather the side-to-side eyeball “sweep”

Perceptual Constancy z Perceptual Constancy yunchanging despite changes in retinal image xbrightness xshape xsize xcolor

Sensory Restriction. Blakemore & Cooper, 1970 z Kittens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars.

Perceptual Interpretation z. Perceptual Adaptation y(vision) ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field xprism glasses z. Perceptual Set ya mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

Perceptual Set Schemas z. What you see in the center is influenced by perceptual set

Perceptual Set. Schemas Flying Saucers or Clouds?

Perception without Sensation? z. Extrasensory Perception ycontroversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input xtelepathy xclairvoyance xprecognition z. Parapsychology ythe study of paranormal phenomena x. ESP xpsychokinesis