Perception Review Kimberley Clow kclow 2uwo ca http
Perception Review Kimberley Clow kclow 2@uwo. ca http: //instruct. uwo. ca/psychology/215 a-570
Final Exam ¨ Cumulative Final – Textbook chapters 10, 15, & 16 – All lectures (September-December) – 30 -ish questions on info since test 2 – 50 -ish questions on test 1 and test 2 info ¨ 40% – Unless you missed or replace test 1 or missed or replace test 2 • Then it is 70% – Unless you missed or replaced BOTH tests • Then it is 100%
Definitions ¨ Sensation – the process by which stimuli are registered in the receptors ¨ Perception – the conscious experience of objects and object relationships ¨ Psychophysics – The study of the relationship between physical stimuli in the world and the sensations about them that we experience ¨ Absolute Threshold – Boundary between detectable and undetectable stimuli ¨ Just Noticeable Difference – Minimum amount a stimulus must be changed to produce a noticeable difference
Psychophysics ¨ What are we looking at? – – What is detection? What is discrimination? What is scaling? What is identification? ¨ Scaling – Indirect Scaling – Magnatude Estimation – Cross Modality Matching ¨ What are the methods of psychophysics? – Method of Constant Stimuli – Method of Limits – Staircase Method – Signal Detection Theory ¨ Weber’s Law
Vision ¨ Cones – Colour vision – Acuity – Fovea ¨ Rods – Night vision – Periphery ¨ The Eye – Cornea – Lens – Retina – Blind spot ¨ Lateral Inhibition ¨ Focusing the Eye – Accommodation – Near vs. Far-sighted ¨ Receptive Fields ¨ Visual Pathway – Tectopulvinar – Geniculostriate ¨ Visual Cortex Areas – V 1 -V 5
Colour Vision ¨ When do we see white? ¨ What is the Trichromatic Theory? ¨ What is the Opponent-Process Theory? ¨ What are the different forms of color blindness? – Which is most common? ¨ What is additive colour mixing? – Primaries? ¨ What is subtractive colour mixing? – Primaries?
Hearing ¨ The frequency of a sound wave corresponds to what perceptual quality of sound? ¨ What is timbre? ¨ What is another name for the eardrum? ¨ What are those bones in the middle ear called? ¨ How does the auditory system code pitch? ¨ How do we locate sound? ¨ How do the different neurons respond? – Onset, Pauser, Chopper, Primary-like, Offset ¨ What are the auditory pathways? ¨ Describe the auditory cortex
Speech ¨ Pronouncing vowels vs. consonants ¨ Define phonology, semantics, and syntax ¨ What do you know about formants? ¨ What is categorical perception? ¨ The Mc. Gurk Effect ¨ Phonemic Restoration Effect ¨ Pauses ¨ Speech Errors ¨ Aphasia – Broca’s; Wernicke’s
Touch, Taste, & Smell ¨ Touch – 4 Receptor Types • Adapting & Receptive Fields – Somatosensory Cortex • Representation – Pain – Touch Acuity – Haptics ¨ Taste – 4 Papillae – Supertasters – Identifying tastes • Effects of smell ¨ Smell – Olfactory bulb • Cilia – Identification vs. Discrimination – Pheromones • Mc. Clintock Effect – Memory
Depth ¨ Oculomotor – Accommodation – Convergence ¨ Pictorial Cues – – – – Interposition Relative Size Familiar Size Atmospheric Haze Linear Perspective Texture Gradient Shading ¨ Motion Based Cues – Motion Parallax – Biological Motion – Kinetic Depth Effect ¨ Binocular Cues – Retinal Disparity • Crossed & Uncrossed • Diplopia • Horopter
Perceiving Form ¨ Form defined by texture ¨ Pop-out effects ¨ Perceiving form – Change – Top down vs. bottom up processing – Figure-Ground ¨ Theories – Template Theories – Feature Theories • Pandemonium Model ¨ Gestalt Principles – Proximity – Similarity – Good Continuation – Symmetry – Closure – Subjective Contours
Perceiving Objects ¨ Attention – Change Blindness – Cued Paradigm ¨ Theories – Recognition by Components – View-Based Recognition ¨ Is face perception special? – Prosopagnosia – Greebles
Learning & Experience ¨ Development of the visual system – Acuity, contrast sensitivity, colour perception ¨ Methodologies – Fixating & Scanning, Reflexes, Preferential Looking, Habituation, Forced-Choice Preferential Looking ¨ Development of – Form, Motion, & Depth Perception – Monocular & Binocular Cues ¨ Experiences – Strabismus – Astigmatism – Monocular Deprivation ¨ Critical Periods ¨ Restored Vision – SB
No Class Wednesday Study Hard! & Good Luck!!
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