Perception of stim uli By Martin Samaj IB
Perception of stim uli By Martin Samaj IB study guide: 133
Perception and Stimulus • Perception – the act of apprehending by means of the senses of the mind • Stimulus – something causing or regarded as causing a response • Humans have a large variety of sensory receptors which enable us to perceive a wide range of stimuli
Examples of receptors Type Stimulus Example Mechanoreceptors Mechanical energy in the form of sound waves Hair cells in the cochlea Pressure receptor cells in the skin Chemoreceptors Chemical substances dissolved in water (tongue) Chemical substances as vapor (nose) Receptor cells in the tongue and nerve endings in the nose Thermoreceptors Temperature Nerve endings in the skin detecting warm or cold conditions Photoreceptors Electromagnetic radiation usually in the form of light Rod and cone cells in the eye
Structure of the human ear
Hearing • Hearing is one of the 5 major senses (hearing, touch, smell, sight, taste) that allows us sound perception • Because of how our auditory systems are constructed a typical human being is able to perceive sounds in the frequency range from 20 – 20 000 hertz.
Perception of sound • Eardrum – Sound waves cause the ear drum to vibrate. The role of the eardrum is to pick up sound vibrations from the air and send them to the middle ear • Bones of the middle ear – There is a series of small bones in the middle ear called ossicles. All are in contact with each other. They transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window • Oval window – A membranous structure that transmits the sound waves to the fluid filling the inside of cochlea • Hair cells in the cochlea – Hair cells enable the transmission of messages across synapses and into the brain through the auditory nerve
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