Perception CA BEHAVIOR Beliefs Values prof W P

Perception CA

BEHAVIOR Beliefs Values prof: W. P. Gamini de Alwis. Attitudes B E H A V I O R 2

Behavior Mind Stimuli Response prof: W. P. Gamini de Alwis. 3

Self perception • Self concept and self perception: Roger defines self or self concept as an organized pattern of perceived characteristics, along with the values attached to those attributes. ( how a person understand himself) mqoa. , fhla ; udj f; areus. kakd wdldrh • Self perception affect person’s personality. ; udj f; areus. kakd wdldrh ; u fm!r. I; ajfha iaj. Ndjh ; Srkh lrhs • Wrong self perception may lead to psychological problems. jeros iajhx ixcdkkh fyda uu; ajh udkisl. eg, qqldrs ; ; ajhka we; s lrjhs prof: W. P. Gamini de Alwis. 4

Why perception is important ixcdkkfha jeo. ; alu • Most of human behavior depend on how people perceive themselves and their environment. mqoa. , yeisrsu ; Sr. Kh jkqfha ; ud ; ukah yd wjg mrsirh olsk wdldrh u; h • Many conflicts and problems are due to social perceptional errors. fndfyda. eg, q ixcdkk oqraj, ; d u; we; sfjs • People take wrong decisions due to perceptional errors. jeros ; Sr. K. kafka jeros ixcdkkh u; h • Attitudes and perception has very close link. wdl, am yd ixcdkkh tlg ne|s mj; s prof: W. P. Gamini de Alwis. 5

Importance of perception • Effective Communication id¾: l ikakssfúokhg ixcdkkh n, m. Eñ lrhs • Right Selection ixúOdkhlg mqoa. , hska n|jd. ek. Sfó§ • Impartial Performance evaluation ld¾Hid. Okh w. eh. Sfó§ W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 6

Sensation and perception • The physical senses are considered to be vision, hearing, touch, smell, and taste. § mxfps. Jo%shkaf. ka , nd. kakdjq f; dr; =re mska; =rhla Ynsohla iamra. Yhka wd>%dykhla yd rila W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 7

Perception-ixcdkkh • A process by which individuals select, organize, and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment mqoa. , hska ish mrsirhg f; areula , ndosu i|yd b. Jo%sh jskaokhka f; dard. eksu ixjs. Odkhlsrsu yd wra: l: kh lsrsfus l%shdj, shhs • Perceive a object or event -lsishus fohla fyda wjia: djla • Person Perceive a another person (social perception) mqoa. , fhla ; j; a mqoa. , fhla ixcdkkh lsrsu A B W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 8

Perceptual selectivity • Physical properties (size, contrast, intensity, novelty or familiarity) jia; =fjs ndysr , CIKhka ^m%ud. Kh osma; sh p, kh kj. H; djh& • Personal influences (response salience, response disposition, attitudes, and feeling toward object or person mqoa. , id. Ol § wdl, am ps; a; fjs. w; s; w; aoelsus m%q; sapdr oelajsfus rgdj wdosh W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 9

Factors affect on perception process • • • Figure ground relationship - r. Em miqnsu Similarity - iusm; ajh Proximity - iudknj Closure – ixj. D; nj Continuation - w. LKavnj W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 10

Interpretation • Perceptual set: is the tendency for our perception of an object to be influenced by what we expected to see • Motivation factor • Early experiences W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 11

Major influences on social perception • Perceivee • Appearance fm. Kqu • Verbal communication ikaksfjsokh • Expressive behavioryeisrsu • Ascribe attributes wdfjsksl. ; s, CIK W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer • perceiver • Self concept uu; ajh • Cognitive structure {d. Kuh j. Hqyh • Previous experience with individual mqraj w; aoelsus 12

Influence…… • Social context iudc miqnsu • Role N=usldj • Location fjs, dj yd wjia: dj W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 13

Barriers to accurate perception /Common mistakes in perception • Stereotyping. ; dkq. ; slnj • Halo effect tla , CIkhla ie, lsu • Selective perception f; dard. ; a ixcdkkh • Projection m%f. CImkh • Temporal extension ; djld, sl foa iodld, slhehs is; su W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer • Perceptual defense ixcdkkuh ixr. CIkh • Leniency ir, j oelsu • Central tendency jsf. Ya. I; ajhla fkdoelsu • Recancy effect wikak M, h 14

Common mistakes… • Stereotype: occurs when an individual is assigned to a group or category, and then generalizing attributes of a group to an individual group member l. KAvdhfus. ; s, CIK mqoa. , fhl=g wdfrdamkh lsr. Su • Halo effect: occurs when one attribute of a person or situation is used to develop an overall impression of the individual or situation , CIK lsysmhlska mqoa. , fhl=f. a iuia: h oel. Su W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 15

Common mistakes… • Selective perception: is the tendency to systematically screen or discredit information we don’t wish to hear and focus instead on more salient information wlue; s f; dr; =re bj; oud keu; s foag wj. Odkh oelaj. Su Projection: is the assignment of personal attributes to another individuals ; ukaf. a. ; s, CIK wka wh ; =, ska wfma. CIdlsrsu • Expectancy: is the tendency to create or find another situation or individual that which you expected to find in the first place. ; uka leu; s fohla m, uqj wfma. CIdlsr. Su W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 16

Common mistakes… • Temporal extension: a tendency to consider the first impression we have of others to be their enduring characteristics uq, ska we; sjq ye. su os. gu wfma. CIdlsr. Su • Perceptual defense: a tendency to distort or ignore information, which is either personally threatening or culturally unacceptable ; ukag ; rackhlajk f; dr; =re jsl. D; slsrsu fyda u. yer. Su W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 17

Common mistakes… • Leniency: a personal characteristics that leads an individual to consistently evaluate other people or object in an extremely positive fashion mqoa, fhla wka; jdo. Sj Okd; aulj fyda i. DKd; aulj w. hlsrsu • Central tendency: the tendency to avoid all extreme judgment and rate people and objects an average or neutral ks; ru i. Eu fohlau idudk. H fohla f, i w. hlsr. Su W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 18

Common mistakes… • Recency effect: the tendency to remember recent information wdikak isoa. Oska u; ; Sr. K. ek. Su • Contrast effect: the tendency to evaluate people or objects by comparing them to characteristics of recently observed people or objects fjk; a wh iu. ixikaokh lr ; Sr. Kh lsr. Su W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 19

Attitudes • Is a predisposition to respond in a positive or negative way to someone or something in one’s environment. hus fohla f, I Okd; aul fyda i. DKd; aul oel. Sug we; s mqraj iqodku W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 20

Outcomes of attitudes • People develop attitudes about: • job /lshdj • people mqoa. , hska • objects jia; +ka • events etc isÿùu W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer • Results may be: • job dissatisfaction /lshdj ms, sn| w; Dma; sh • poor commitment ÿ¾j, lemùu • poor loyalty ÿ¾j, m. CImd; s; ajh • Low performance wvq ld¾Hid. Okh 21

Self perception • Self concept and self perception: Roger defines self or self concept as an organized pattern of perceived characteristics, along with the values attached to those attributes. ( how a person understand himself) mqoa. , fhla ; udj f; areus. kakd wdldrh • Self perception affect person’s personality. ; udj f; areus. kakd wdldrh ; u fm!r. I; ajfha iaj. Ndjh ; Srkh lrhs • Wrong self perception may lead to psychological problems. jeros iajhx ixcdkkh fyda uu; ajh udkisl. eg, qqldrs ; ; ajhka we; s lrjhs prof: W. P. Gamini de Alwis. 22

Why perception is important ixcdkkfha jeo. ; alu • Most of human behavior depend on how people perceive themselves and their environment. mqoa. , yeisrsu ; Sr. Kh jkqfha ; ud ; ukah yd wjg mrsirh olsk wdldrh u; h • Many conflicts and problems are due to social perceptional errors. fndfyda. eg, q ixcdkk oqraj, ; d u; we; sfjs • People take wrong decisions due to perceptional errors. jeros ; Sr. K. kafka jeros ixcdkkh u; h • Attitudes and perception has very close link. wdl, am yd ixcdkkh tlg ne|s mj; s prof: W. P. Gamini de Alwis. 23

Attitudes formation • Attitudes are learned wdl, am bf. k. Sfuka j¾Okh fú • Family mjq, • School mdie, • Own experiences ; u w; a±l. Sñ • Indoctrination o¾Ykhka • Drama kdg. H W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer • • • Radio. =jkaúÿ, sh TV r. Emjdysksh News papers mqj; am; a Books fmd; m; Others experiences wka whf. a w; a±l. Sñ 24

Attitude and behavior antecedents attitudes result Beliefs and Values js. Yajdi yd yrmoa. O; sh Job responsibility is important I think this is not a responsible job Feelings ye. sñ I do not like my job Intended Behavior m%; spdrh I am going to quite my job W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 25

Attitude changing strategies • Providing new and strong information kj yd m%n, f; dr; =re • Brain washfud, fidaokh iemh. Su • Mass media ckud. OHH • Fear arousal or reduce ìh • Counseling Wmfoa. Ykh jeälsßu fyda wvqlsßu • Dissonance arousalj m%; súreoa. O wjia: djka we; slsßu • Participation in managemen iy. Nd. s; aj l<ukdlrkh W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 26

Barriers for attitudes change • Lack of information f; dr; =re uolu • Insufficient justification id. Odr. Kshlrkh uolu • Prior commitment fmr ne£ñ W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 27

m%Ya. K q Problems due to wrong q Communication ikaksfjsokh attitudes values and q Sharing experiences perception jeros oelau ksid w; aoelsus q Change attitudes wdl, am q Learning bf. kqu fjkila q Training mqyq. Kqj q Management development ixjra. Okh q Counseling Wmfoa. Ykh W. P. Gamini de Alwis, Senior Lecturer 28

Conformity • Tendency to follow others in attitudes or behaviors wka whf. a wdl, am wkqu; lsßu • Generally positive, allows us to live together wka wh ksid ms, s. ek. Su

Obedience: Just Following Orders • Social psychologist Milgram is best known for his experimental investigations of obedience – Obedience – the performance of an action in response to the direct orders of an authority or person of higher status by, flfkl=f. a ksfhda. hlg wjk; ùu