Percentage concentration wwweightactive ingredient and base have same

Percentage concentration % w/w(weight)-----active ingredient and base have same unit of weight. 1%=1 gm of active ingred per 100 gm total product. 1% w/w= 1 gm/100 gm %v/v(volume)-------solute(active drug) and solvent(inactive base) have same unit of volume. 1% v/v=1 ml/100 ml %w/v(weight/volume)-------solute is in the weight grams and solvent is in volume ml. 1% w/v=1 gm/100 ml

• 1. 4 g of phenol mixed with 9 g of glycerin. What is % concentration of phenol in this product? 1. 4+ 9 g =10. 4 g part/whole x 100=% 1. 4/10. 4*100=13% w/w 4 g KCL is dissolved in base to make total of 25 ml. What is per concentration of final product? 4/25*100=16%w/v 10 ml glycerin is dissolved in enough water to make 73 ml of final solution. Calc % of strength of glycerin. 10/73*100=14% v/v

• How much KCL is needed to make 240 ml of a 10% solution? • 10% mix assumes 10 mg mixed into 100 ml of fluid • 10 mg/100 ml=x mg/240 ml • X=24 mg of kcl • 5 g is how many mg? • 1000 mg/1 gx 5 g/1=5000 mg • 120 mg to g • 1000 mg/1 g x 120 mg/x= g • x=1000 x/120=. 120 g

alligations • Using 2 different concentrations of a drug to arrive at final concentration somewhere between the 2 in stock. • Dr orders 30 g of 15% hydrocortisone cream. Pharmacy has cream in 20% and also 2%. Alligation will combine these to get 30 gm, of 15%. • See board pg 158 -------

Ratio concentrations Normally this uses epinephrine or potassium permanganate. You must memorize------1: 1000 ------1 mg/ml 1: 100 ----10 mg/ml 1: 10 -----100 mg/ml Rx is 3 mg of epi. Pharm stock is 1: 100 solution. How may ml will be given? 10 mg/ml= 3 mg/xml 10 x mg=3 mg X=. 3 ml

• Rx 2. 5 ml inj of 1: 1000 epi is given. How much drug did pt get? • 1: 1000=1 mg/ml • 1 mg/ml=x mg/2. 5 ml • X =2. 5 mg

Parenteral calculation • Done for IV drips. This has greater risk of immediate pt harm if wrong. • Flow rate=vol/time • Pt gets 1 L of IV sol over 3 hours. What is flow rate? • Flow rate=1000 ml/3 hrs • Fr=333 ml/hr --- this means 5. 55 ml/min

• How many hours will 1 L of D 5 W last when flow rate is 125 ml/hr? • Time=vol/rate • time=1000 ml/125 ml • Time=8 hr • Vol=time *rate • How many ml needed to run IV at 60 ml/hr for 12 hours? • Vol=12 hrs*60 mlper hour • Vol=720 ml

• Gtt/min=volume to be infused *drip set rate/infusion time in minutes • Rx is d 5 w at 125 ml/hr. admin set is 10 gtt/ml. How many gtt/min should we use? • Gtt/min= 125 ml*10 gtt/60 min • Gtt/min=1250/60 • Gtt/min=20. 8 ~21 gtt/min

• Gtt/min=volume to be infused *drip set rate/infusion time in minutes • 300 ml of d 5 w given at rate of 75 ml/hr. admin set gives 10 gtt/ml. how many gtt/min should we use? • Gtt/min=vol infused*drip rate/infusion time(min) • Gtt/min= 75 ml*10/60 • Gtt/min=750/60 • Gtt/min=12. 5 gtt/min ~13 ggt/min

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