People and Ideas Move Chapter 3 Lesson 1

People and Ideas Move Chapter 3 Lesson 1 The Indo-Europeans

Indo-Europeans Migrate Terms n n n Indo-Europeans – nomadic peoples Steppes – home of Indo-Europeans; dry grasslands that stretched north of the Caucasus (mountains). Migrations – movements of a people from one region to another Hittites – Indo-Europeans that occupied Anatolia – Asia Minor, high-rocky plateau, rich in timber and agriculture

Indo-Europeans Migrate Terms n n n Aryans – Indo-Europeans; original homeland between Caspian and Aral seas Vedas – sacred literature. 4 collections of prayers, magical spells, and instructions for performing rituals. Brahmins – (mouth) priests Kshatriyas – (arms) rulers and warriors Vaishyas – (legs) peasants and traders Shudras – (feet) laborers

Indo-Europeans Migrate Terms n n Castes – social system Mahabharata – reflects the struggles that took place in India as the cultures merged.

Indo-Europeans Migrate Outline/Notes n Indo-Europeans Migrate n Indo-European Language Family n n n Slavic, Celtic, Germanic, Italic languages. Aryans spoke Sanskrit An Unexplained Migration n n No known reason why they left the steppes Indo-European nomads migrated between 1700 and 1200 BC.

Indo-Europeans Migrate Outline/Notes n The Hittite Empire n n n Hittites Adopt and Adapt n n Separate city-states formed an empire in 1650 BC. Hattusas was the capital. Dominated Southwest Asia for 450 years Occupied Babylon Adopted Akkadian-Babylonian language Borrowed ideas from Mesopotamians Blended their culture with others Chariots and Iron Technology

Indo-Europeans Migrate Outline/Notes n The Hittite Empire n Chariots and Iron Technology n n n Excelled at war Superior chariots and iron weapons Empire fell around 1190 BC due to invasions, tribe attacks from the north and burned the capital city.

Indo-Europeans Migrate Outline/Notes n Aryans Transform India n A Caste System Develops n n n Called Indias people dasas or dark, they would become slaves. No writing system Pastoral people-cows Developed the 4 tiers of the caste system. Varnas Born into your caste for life

Indo-Europeans Migrate Outline/Notes n Aryans Transform India n Aryan Kingdoms Arise n n Kingdom extends east along Ganges and Yamuna river valleys. Chiefs elected by the tribe. Kingdom of Magadha formed-occupying almost all of the Indian subcontinent. Mahabharata describes the changes and the hero Krishna.

Indo-Europeans Migrate Review Questions-Turn In n What important contributions did the Aryans make to the culture and way of life in India? What were some of the technological achievements of the Hittites? Where did the Aryans come from when they arrived in India?