Pengenalan Jaringan Nirkabel Survey Ringan Kapan terakhir anda

Pengenalan Jaringan Nirkabel

Survey Ringan • Kapan terakhir anda menggunakan internet? • Untuk keperluan apa? • Dalam sehari, berapa jam anda berinteraksi lewat internet? • Perangkat apa yang lebih sering anda gunakan? A. < 1 jam yang lalu B. 1 – 2 jam yang lalu C. > 2 jam yang lalu A. Browsing B. Chatting C. Lain-Lain A. < 2 jam per hari B. 2 – 5 jam per hari C. > 5 jam per hari A. Smartphone B. Laptop C. Komputer Desktop

Tren Perkembangan Komputer jadi semakin personal dan melekat

Tren Komunikasi : dari Kabel ke Nirkabel

Tantangan : Diversitas Perangkat Wireless

Tantangan : Security Wireless means shared. Shared means more threats

Sejarah Perkembangan Komunikasi Nirkabel

Komunikasi Nirkabel • Transmisi suara dan data dengan memanfaatkan gelombang elektromagnetik di udara (open space)

Timeline Perkembangan Nirkabel

Diversitas Perangkat Nirkabel

Pertanyaan • Q : Mengapa perangkat nirkabel begitu beragam jenisnya? • A : Karena memang terdapat kebutuhan aplikasi yang beragam meliputi – Konsumsi energi – Jangkauan – Bandwidth – Mobilitas – Biaya

History & Development: Development & Applications • 1983 - Tesla – First radio communication • 1898 - 1901 - Guglielmo Marconi – first demonstration of wireless telegraphy (Morse code - digital!) – long wave transmission over longer distances (transatlantic) at an operating frequency of 1 MHz • 1906 - 1 st World Admin. Radio Conf. (WARC -> WRC) – increasing popularity of radio systems and their extended use – ability to define BW using filters led to spectrum control – recommendations for the assignment of RF bands • 1907 - Commercial transatlantic connections – huge base stations (30 100 m high antennas) • 1915 - Wireless voice transmission N. Y. - San Francisco • 1920 - Discovery of short waves by Marconi – reflection at the ionosphere – smaller sender and receiver -> due to the invention of the vacuum tube (1906 - Lee De. Forest and Robert von Lieben)

History & Development: Development & Applications • 1933 - Frequency modulation (E. H. Armstrong) • 1946 - Mobile Telephone Service (MTS) in US – introduced in 1946, it allowed telephone calls between fixed stations and mobile sers – one single powerful transmitter/receiver (base station) provided coverage of up to 50 km – based on FM technology, each voice channel of 3 k. Hz used 120 KHz of spectrum, and only half duplex service was available – blocking probabilities were as high as 65% (only 12 simultaneous calls could be handled!) • 1958 - A-Netz in Germany at 160 MHz – analog cellular, connection setup only from the mobile station, no handover, 80% coverage, 1971 only 11000 customers • 1972 - B-Netz in Germany at 160 MHz – connection setup from the fixed network (location of the mobile station had to be known)

MTS Phone

History & Development: Analog Cellular Services • 1947 - The idea of cellular communication by Donald Ring – Split an area into cells with their own low power towers – Each cell would use its own frequency • 1973 - Prototype of portable by Martin Cooper (Bell Labs) • 1979 - Analog Mobile Phone System (AMPS) in US – Start of the 1 G cellular network – Use Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) • • • 1979 - NMT at 450 MHz in Scandinavian countries 1983 - First commercial cellular phone named Dyna. TAC 1985 - France’s Radiocom 2000 1985 - UK’s TACS 1986 - C-Netz in Germany at 450 MHz

Dyna. TAC : First Commercial Cell Phone • The “brick”: – weight 2 pounds, – offered 30 mins of talk time for every recharging and – sold for $3, 995!

History & Development: Digital Cellular • 1991 - Specification of DECT – Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephone – 1880 -1900 MHz, ~100 -500 m range, 120 duplex channels, 1. 2 Mbit/s data transmission, voice encryption, authentication, up to several 10000 user/km 2, used in more than 40 countries • 1992 - Start of GSM (Europe) – – 2 G cellular fully digital, 900 MHz, 124 channels automatic location, hand-over, cellular services: data with 9. 6 kbit/s, FAX, voice, . . . • Early 90’s - Start of CDMA (US) – – 2 G cellular IS 54 is a TDMA digital standard that uses the old AMPS system for transmission. IS 136 is the new TDMA standard and IS 95 is the CDMA based standard. All 4 systems are in operation in the US! • 1994 - GSM at 1800 MHz (called Digital Cellular Service (DCS 1800)) – smaller cells, supported by 11 countries

History & Development: Digital Wireless Services • 1996 - Hiper. LAN (High Performance Radio Local Area Network) – ETSI, standardization of type 1: 5. 15 - 5. 30 GHz, 23. 5 Mbit/s – recommendations for type 2 and 3 (both 5 GHz) and 4 (17 GHz) as wireless ATMnetworks (up to 155 Mbit/s) • 1997 - Wireless LANs – many products with proprietary extensions out there already – IEEE-Standard, 2. 4 - 2. 5 GHz, 2 Mbit/s • 1998 - Specification of GSM successors (3 G) – UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) as the European proposal for IMT-2000 • 1998 - Specification for next generation CDMA starts (3 G) – Qualcomm starts work on wideband CDMA spec. • 1999 - Specificatipn of IEEE 802. 11 b – increased BW to 11 Mbit/s • 2000 - Bluetooth Specification – 1 Mbit/s specification, single cell – Work on 10 Mbit/s spec. with multi cell capability initiated • 2001 - First 3 G service was launched – GSM WCDMA by NTT Do. Co. Mo Japan – CDMA 2000 EVDO by SKT Korea

Tren Teknologi Jaringan Nirkabel

Tren Jaringan Nirkabel • Tren teknologi jaringan nirkabel mengarah ke beberapa isu berikut : – Pemerataan jangkauan komunikasi – Pemanfaatan untuk keperluan khusus – Peningkatan kualitas layanan • Wi. Max • LTE

Wireless Mesh Network • Suatu jenis jaringan yang memanfaatkan perangkat nirkabel (biasanya wifi) sebagai perangkat router untuk meneruskan paket

Delay Tolerant Network • Suatu jenis jaringan yang punya sifat toleran terhadap delay dalam pengiriman datanya sehingga cocok dipakai di daerah yang terbatas jangkauan jaringannya

Vehicular Network • Suatu jenis jaringan yang memungkinkan komunikasi antara satu kendaraan dengan lain (V 2 V) serta kendaraan dan infrastructure (V 2 I)

Localization • Pemanfaatan komunikasi nirkabel untuk penentuan posisi baik indoor maupun outdoor.

Wi. Max

Kisi-Kisi UTS 2016 • AM P 01 - (Slide 4, 5) • AM P 02 - (Slide 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15) • AM P 03 - (Slide 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 30) • AM P 04 - (Slide 28, 29, 31) • AM P 05 - (Slide 5, 6, 11, 20)