Pemrograman Internet Mobile 7 PHP Hypertext Preprocessors PHP
Pemrograman Internet Mobile 7 PHP: Hypertext Preprocessors
PHP • PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) dikembangkan oleh Rasmus Lerdorf (1994), sebagai awal pengembangan untuk HTTP usage logging dan server-side form generation pada Unix. • PHP 2 (1995) diubah menjadi bahasa Server-side embedded scripting. – Ditambahkan kemampuan database support, file uploads, variabel, array, rekursif, kondisi, iteration, regular expressions, dll.
Sejarah PHP • PHP 3 (1998) ditambah dukungan untuk ODBC, multiple platform support, protokol email (SNMP, IMAP), dan parser baru oleh Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans. • PHP 4 (2000) menjadi komponen independen dari web server agar lebih efisien. Parser diganti nama menjadi Zend Engine. – Latest stable: 4. 4. 9 (www. php. net) • PHP 5 (2004) ditambahkan Zend Engine II dengan OOP, dukungan XML dengan pustaka libxml 2, SOAP untuk Web Services, SQLite telah ditambahkan dalam PHP – Versi terbaru 5. 2. 9 (www. php. net)
Sejarah PHP • Pada August 2004, PHP digunakan pada 16, 946, 328 domains, 1, 348, 793 alamat IP (http: //www. php. net/usage. php) Hampir 32% dari seluruh domain web.
Mengapa PHP digunakan? • Bahasa mirip C dan Java • Mudah Pemakaiannya – Kode “ditanamkan” pada HTML/WML/XHTML. – Kode php dimulai dan diakhiri dengan tanda (tag) <html> <head> <title>Example</title> </head> <body> <? php echo "Hi, I'm a PHP script!"; ? > </body> </html>
Why PHP? • Cross Platform – Dapat jalan hampir di semua web server pada beberapa sistem operasi – Web server: Apache, Microsoft IIS, Caudium, Netscape Enterprise Server – Sistem operasi: NIX (HP-UX, Open. BSD, Solaris, Linux), Mac OSX, Windows NT/98/2000/XP/2003 – Database: Adabas D, d. Base, Empress, File. Pro (read-only), Hyperwave, IBM DB 2, Informix, Ingres, Inter. Base, Front. Base, m. SQL, Direct MS-SQL, My. SQL, ODBC, Oracle (OCI 7 and OCI 8), Ovrimos, Postgre. SQL, SQLite, Solid, Sybase, Velocis, Unix dbm • Keuntungan dalam biaya – PHP is free.
Dukungan PHP • GD (GIF, JPEG, PNG) • SNMP • IMAP (POP, NNTP) • FTP • XML parser • PDF generation • DCOM (Win 32 only) • SWF (Flash) • zlib (compressed IO) • Charset/text conversion (UTF-8, Cyrillic, Hebrew) • SOAP • Cybercash • ASPELL/PSPELL
PHP Model • Source: <html> <? php echo(“Hello World!”); ? > </html> • Menjadi: <html> Hello World! </html>
Notasi PHP
Tipe data • Scalar types – Boolean – Integer – Float – String • Compound types – Array – Object • Diawali dgn tanda $
Konstanta <? define(“USERNAME”, ”Anton”); echo “User Name : ”. USERNAME; ? >
Boolean • Untuk literal boolean: true atau false • Berikut dianggap bernilai false, jika – Nilai boolean FALSE – Nilai integer 0 atau float 0. 0 – String yang kosong, atau string “ 0” – Array dengan elemen kosong – NULL (termasuk unset variabel)
Contoh Integer • Nilai literal integer yang valid: – – $a = 1234; $a = -123; $a = 0123; #octal number $a = 0 x 123; #hexa number • Jika nilai literal integer melebihi range Integer, otomatis PHP akan mengkonversi ke tipe float • Konversi ke Integer: – Nilai boolean FALSE => 0, TRUE => 1 – Casting (int). Contoh: • $a = (int) (25/7); # int(3) • $a = round(25/7); # float(4)
Float • Ukuran float tergantung pada platform, walaupun maksimum ~1. 8 e 208 (64 bit format IEEE) – $a = 1. 234; – $b = 1. 2 e 4; – $c = 7 E-10;
String • Literal string dideklarasikan baik dengan – Petik ganda (“ “). contoh: $a = “Nama: $naman”; – Petik tunggal (' '). contoh: $b = 'c: *. *'; – Heredoc. Contoh: $c = <<<EOD Ini testing EOD; • Pengaksesan karakter string – – $a = “ini test”; $pertama = $a{0}; $ketiga = $a{2}; $akhir = $a{strlen($a)-1};
Konversi String ke Angka • Contoh: – $a = 1 + “ 10. 5”; – $a = 1 + “-1. 3 e 3”; – $a = 1 + “bob 3”; – $a = 1 + “ 10 ayam kate”; – $a = 1 + “ 10. 2 ayam kate”; – $a = “ 10. 0 ayam” + 1;
Tipe Data <? $testing = 5; //integer echo gettype($testing); $testing = "five"; //string echo gettype($testing); $testing = 5. 0; //double echo gettype($testing); $testing = true; //boolean echo gettype($testing); ? > <? $varumum = 3. 14; $vardouble = (double)$varumum; echo gettype($vardouble); //double $varstring = (string)$varumum; echo gettype($varstring); //string ? >
array
Custom Array • Contoh pembuatan array dengan custom key <? php // This array is the same as. . . array(5 => 43, 32, 56, "b" => 12); //. . . this array(5 => 43, 6 => 32, 7 => 56, "b" => 12); ? > • Size of array is not defined • If you add a new element the maximum of the integer indices is taken, and the new key will be that maximum value + 1
Array Multidimensi
Fungsi-fungsi ttg Array • Implode() -> menggabungkan array menjadi string • explode() -> memecah string menjadi array • sort() -> mengurutkan array scr asc • rsort() -> mengurutkan array scr desc • ksort() -> mengurutkan index string array scr asc • array_pop() -> menghapus array dr urutan terakhir • array_push() -> menambah array
![Contoh penggunaan fungsi <? //explodeimplode. php $city[0]="Jogja"; $city[1]="Bandung"; $city[3]="Surabaya"; $strgabung = implode("-", $city); echo](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5081732edce64a4852d8d698a33d97e1/image-22.jpg "Contoh penggunaan fungsi <? //explodeimplode. php $city[0]=\"Jogja\"; $city[1]=\"Bandung\"; $city[3]=\"Surabaya\"; $strgabung = implode(\"-\", $city); echo")
Contoh penggunaan fungsi <? //explodeimplode. php $city[0]="Jogja"; $city[1]="Bandung"; $city[3]="Surabaya"; $strgabung = implode("-", $city); echo "Stlh digabung: ". $strgabung. " "; $cityarray = explode("-", $strgabung); foreach ($cityarray as $key=>$value){ echo "Array ke-". $key. " = ". $value. " "; } ? >
NULL • NULL menyatakan variabel yang tidak ada nilainya • Sebuah variabel NULL, jika – Dinyatakan sebagai NULL dengan opertor = – Belum pernah diberikan suatu nilai literal – Telah di unset() • Untuk mengecek apakah variabel NULL atau tidak, dapat digunakan fungsi is_null()
Konvensi PHP • Aturan nama variabel PHP mengikuti konvensi seperti bahasa pemrograman lainnya • Untuk membuat referensi ke variabel lain $a = “test”; $b = &$a; # referensi $b = “ayam”; echo ($a. ' == '. $b); • Variabel dari variabel $a = “hello”; $$a = “world”; echo “$a ${$a}”; echo “$a $hello”;
Unset dan Bracket
Ruang Lingkup • Contoh berikut, variabel $a dapat diakses dari dalam file include atau require <? php $a = 1; include "b. inc"; ? > • Variabel bersifat lokal dalam suatu fungsi <? php $a = 1; /* global scope */ function Test() { echo $a; /* menunjuk ke lokal variabel */ } Test(); ? >
Operator • Aritmatika • Assignment
Operator Perbandingan
![Ternary operator <? php // Contoh Ternary Operator $action = (empty($_POST['action'])) ? 'default' :](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/5081732edce64a4852d8d698a33d97e1/image-29.jpg "Ternary operator <? php // Contoh Ternary Operator $action = (empty($_POST['action'])) ? 'default' :")
Ternary operator <? php // Contoh Ternary Operator $action = (empty($_POST['action'])) ? 'default' : $_POST['action']; // sama dengan if/else berikut: if (empty($_POST['action'])) { $action = 'default'; } else { $action = $_POST['action']; } ? >
Perbandingan <? php if ($a > $b) { echo "a is bigger than b"; } elseif ($a == $b) { echo "a is equal to b"; } else { echo "a is smaller than b"; } ? >
<? $mood = "sad"; switch($mood){ case "happy": echo "Mood anda bagus !"; break; case "sad": echo "Mood anda sedang jelek. . . "; break; default: echo "Mood anda $mood"; } ? >
Struktur While <? php $i = 1; while ($i <= 10) { echo $i++; } $i = 1; while ($i <= 10): echo $i; $i++; endwhile; ? > <? php $i = 10; do{ echo $i; }while($i>=1); ? >
Struktur for
Foreach (1) <? php $arr = array("one", "two", "three"); reset($arr); while (list($key, $value) = each ($arr)) { echo "Key: $key; Value: $value n"; } foreach ($arr as $key => $value) { echo "Key: $key; Value: $value n"; } ? >
Foreach (2) <? php $arr = array("one", "two", "three"); reset ($arr); while (list(, $value) = each ($arr)) { echo "Value: $value n"; } foreach ($arr as $value) { echo "Value: $value n"; } ? >
Switch
Switch (2)
Break <? $counter=1; while($counter<10){ if($counter==5){ echo "berhenti jika counter bernilai 5 "; break; } echo $counter. " "; $counter++; } ? >
Continue <? for($counter=1; $counter<=10; $counter++){ if($counter==5) continue; echo "counter bernilai: $counter "; } ? >
Session • • • session_start() //dipaling atas session_register(<nama, nama>) session_unregister(<nama, nama> if (session_is_registered(<nama>)) unset(<nama>) session_destroy()
File upload • If(copy(source, destination))
Function (by value) • New function my_function() { echo 'My function was called'; } function fungsi_return($a, $b){ return a + b; } • Calling function my_function(); $c = fungsi_return(1, 2);
Function By Reference <? //functionbyreference. php function tax(&$salary){ //definisi $salary = $salary-(($salary/100)*20); return $salary; } $salary = 2000; echo tax($salary); //hasil 1600 echo $salary; //hasil 1600 ? >
Parameter default function <? function tax($salary=2000){ //definisi $salary = $salary-(($salary/100)*20); return $salary; } echo tax(); ? >
Nested function
Koneksi Database My. SQL • mysql_connect(<host>, <username>, <pass word> • mysql_select_db(<nama_db>) • mysql_query(<query>) • mysql_fetch_array(<hasil_query>) • mysql_close()
SERVER variable • $_SERVER is an array containing information such as – Headers – Paths – Script locations • The entries in this array are created by the webserver. There is no guarantee that every webserver will provide any of these; servers may omit some, or provide others
contoh
Server Variable • 'argv' – Array of arguments passed to the script. When the script is run on the command line, this gives C-style access to the command line parameters. When called via the GET method, this will contain the query string. • 'argc' – Contains the number of command line parameters passed to the script (if run on the command line).
SERVER variable • 'REMOTE_ADDR' – The IP address from which the user is viewing the current page. • 'REMOTE_HOST' – The Host name from which the user is viewing the current page. The reverse dns lookup is based off the REMOTE_ADDR of the user. • 'REMOTE_PORT' – The port being used on the user's machine to communicate with the web server. • $_COOKIE – An associative array of variables passed to the current script via HTTP cookies. Automatically global in any scope. • $_POST – An associative array of variables passed to the current script via the HTTP POST method.
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