PEL 101 COMMUNICATION SKILLSI Lecture 17 Week 9

PEL 101 - COMMUNICATION SKILLS-I Lecture 17 Week 9 Designed by Satpal Singh 15908

Read the passage and Answer question • I here present you, courteous reader, with the record of a remarkable period in my life: according to my application of it, I trust that it will prove not merely an interesting record, but in a considerable degree useful and instructive. In that hope it is that I have drawn it up; and that must be my apology for breaking through that delicate and honourable reserve which, for the most part, restrains us from the public exposure of our own errors and infirmities. 1. According to the writer, the purpose of his autobiography is to: (A) teach (B) inform (C) persuade (D) entertain

Nothing, indeed, is more revolting to English feelings than the spectacle of a human being obtruding on our notice his moral ulcers or scars, and tearing away that “decent drapery” which time or indulgence to human frailty may have drawn over them; accordingly, the greater part of our confessions (that is, spontaneous and extra-judicial confessions) proceed from demireps, adventurers, or swindlers: and for any such acts of gratuitous self humiliation from those who can be supposed in sympathy with the decent and self respecting part of society, we must look to French literature. 2. The red colored pronoun “our” in the passage refers to: (A) the English (B) adventurers (C) swindlers (D) human being

Among all kinds of writing, there is none in which authors are more apt to miscarry than in works of humour, as there is none in which they are more ambitious to excel. It is not an imagination that teems with monsters, a head that is filled with extravagant conceptions, which is capable of furnishing the world with diversions of this nature. 3. According to the claim in the first sentence of the passage: (A) authors are ambitious to excel in all kinds of writing (B) authors are likely to fail when writing humor (C) authors are not likely to fail when writing humor (D) there is no kind of writing in which authors are more likely to fail than any other

But since there is an impostor abroad, who takes upon him the name of this young gentleman, and would willingly pass for him in the world; to the end that well-meaning persons may not be imposed upon by cheats, I would desire my readers, when they meet with this pretender, to look into his parentage, and to examine him strictly, whether or no he be remotely allied to Truth, and lineally descended from Good Sense; if not, they may conclude him a counterfeit. 4. The second “him” of the last paragraph, in line 42, refers to: (A) an impostor (B) humor (C) wit (D) good sense

Answers • • 1 A 2 A 3 B 4 B

Commencing then with the first of the above-named characteristics, I say that it would be well to be reputed liberal. Nevertheless, liberality exercised in a way that does not bring you the reputation for it, injures you; for if one exercises it honestly and as it should be exercised, it may not become known, and you will not avoid the reproach of its opposite. Therefore, any one wishing to maintain among men the name of liberal is obliged to avoid no attribute of magnificence; so that a prince thus inclined will consume in such acts all his property, and will be compelled in the end, if he wish to maintain the name of liberal, to unduly weigh down his people, and tax them, and do everything he can to get money. This will soon make him odious to his subjects, and becoming poor he will be little valued by any one; thus, with his liberality, having off ended many and rewarded few, he is affected by the very first trouble and imperiled by whatever may be the first danger; recognizing this himself, and wishing to draw back from it, he runs at once into the reproach of being 1. The primary mode of composition of the passage is: (A) Narration (B) description (C) cause and effect (D) argument

Commencing then with the first of the above-named characteristics, I say that it would be well to be reputed liberal. Nevertheless, liberality exercised in a way that does not bring you the reputation for it, injures you; for if one exercises it honestly and as it should be exercised, it may not become known, and you will not avoid the reproach of its opposite. Therefore, any one wishing to maintain among men the name of liberal is obliged to avoid no attribute of magnificence; so that a prince thus inclined will consume in such acts all his property, and will be compelled in the end, if he wish to maintain the name of liberal, to unduly weigh down his people, and tax them, and do everything he can to get money. This will soon make him odious to his subjects, and becoming poor he will be little valued by any one; thus, with his liberality, having off ended many and rewarded few, he is affected by the very first trouble and imperiled by whatever may be the first danger; recognizing this himself, and wishing to draw back from it, he runs at once into the reproach of being. 2. According to the paragraph, being liberal (as a prince) leads to all of the following results except: (A) being loved (B) becoming poor (C) being despised (D) being in danger

Commencing then with the first of the above-named characteristics, I say that it would be well to be reputed liberal. Nevertheless, liberality exercised in a way that does not bring you the reputation for it, injures you; for if one exercises it honestly and as it should be exercised, it may not become known, and you will not avoid the reproach of its opposite. Therefore, any one wishing to maintain among men the name of liberal is obliged to avoid no attribute of magnificence; so that a prince thus inclined will consume in such acts all his property, and will be compelled in the end, if he wish to maintain the name of liberal, to unduly weigh down his people, and tax them, and do everything he can to get money. This will soon make him odious to his subjects, and becoming poor he will be little valued by any one; thus, with his liberality, having off ended many and rewarded few, he is affected by the very first trouble and imperiled by whatever may be the first danger; recognizing this himself, and wishing to draw back from it, he runs at once into the reproach of being. 3. In context, the word “odious” in line 10 most nearly means: (A) Pitied (B) valued (C) sympathetic (D) detestable

Answers • 1 C • 2 A • 3 D

There's an old saying in theatre world "Never work with children or animals". It's a pity that Herman Gross has never heard this piece of advice, or if he has, that he didn't pay attention to it. It's not so much that Pet Doctor is a bad film, although I can't really find many reasons for saying it's a good one. It's more that it makes me angry. Gross is a good actor. His appearance on the New York stage last winter in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet showed that he really can act. So what's he doing in this nonsense? It's a story about a small town doctor who finds he's making more money by looking after the local children's pets than he is by looking after humans. Then he gets into trouble with the police, because he doesn't have the right sort of licence to do this and, surprise, the children and their pets find a way to solve his problems. I won't say how, as it's the only part of the film that's even slightly original or amusing. If you have to see it, you'd be annoyed with me for telling you. But my advice is, when it comes to a cinema near you stay in and shampoo the cat. 1. What is the writer trying to do in the text? a. Compare Herman Gross with another actor. b. Give his or her opinion about using animals in films. c. Give his or her opinion about Pet Doctor.

There's an old saying in theatre world "Never work with children or animals". It's a pity that Herman Gross has never heard this piece of advice, or if he has, that he didn't pay attention to it. It's not so much that Pet Doctor is a bad film, although I can't really find many reasons for saying it's a good one. It's more that it makes me angry. Gross is a good actor. His appearance on the New York stage last winter in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet showed that he really can act. So what's he doing in this nonsense? It's a story about a small town doctor who finds he's making more money by looking after the local children's pets than he is by looking after humans. Then he gets into trouble with the police, because he doesn't have the right sort of licence to do this and, surprise, the children and their pets find a way to solve his problems. I won't say how, as it's the only part of the film that's even slightly original or amusing. If you have to see it, you'd be annoyed with me for telling you. But my advice is, when it comes to a cinema near you stay in and shampoo the cat. 2. The text gives the reader. . . a. information about a new film. b. ideas about how animals should be cared for. c. news about the lives of film stars.

There's an old saying in theatre world "Never work with children or animals". It's a pity that Herman Gross has never heard this piece of advice, or if he has, that he didn't pay attention to it. It's not so much that Pet Doctor is a bad film, although I can't really find many reasons for saying it's a good one. It's more that it makes me angry. Gross is a good actor. His appearance on the New York stage last winter in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet showed that he really can act. So what's he doing in this nonsense? It's a story about a small town doctor who finds he's making more money by looking after the local children's pets than he is by looking after humans. Then he gets into trouble with the police, because he doesn't have the right sort of licence to do this and, surprise, the children and their pets find a way to solve his problems. I won't say how, as it's the only part of the film that's even slightly original or amusing. If you have to see it, you'd be annoyed with me for telling you. But my advice is, when it comes to a cinema near you stay in and shampoo the cat. 3. Which one of these TV guides is describing Pet Doctor? a. A doctor is loved by the children whose pets he cures. But everything goes wrong and he is sent to prison. b. A doctor finds he can cure local animals, then discovers this isn't allowed. But it all finishes happily. c. A doctor prefers animals to humans and stops looking after his patients. People are dying, the animals are cured, then the police arrive. . .

ANSWERS: 1 C 2 C 3 A

There was increase of about 10% in the investment in the public sector like electricity, irrigation, quarrying, public services and transport; even though the emphasis leaned towards transport and away from the other sectors mentioned. A 16 -17 % growth in investment, including a 30% increase in investment in business premises has been recorded in trade and services. Although there continued to be a decline in the share of agriculture in total gross investment in the economy, investment grew by 9% in absolute terms, largely spurred on by a 23% expansion of investment in agriculture equipment. Housing construction had 12% more invested in it in 1964, not so much owing to increase demand, as to fears of impending new taxes and limitation of building. 1 How much % expansion was found in commerce? A. 16 -17% B 23% C 30% D 10%

There was a rise of close to 11% in the total consumption in real terms during 1964 and per capita personal consumption by under 7% as in 1963. The undesirable trend towards a rapid rise in consumption, evident in previous years, remains unaltered. Since at current prices consumption rose by 16% and disposable income by 13%, there was evidently a fall in the rate of saving in the private sector of the economy. Once again a shift advance in the standard of living was indicated in consumption patterns. Though fruit consumption increased, expenditure on food, especially bread and staple items, declined significantly. There was a continuing increase in the outlay on furniture and household equipment, health, education and recreation. 2. According to the author the trend towards a rapid rise in conception is “undesirable” as : A. there was an increase in expenditure on frills and luxuries B. the people were affluent C. there was rise in standard of living D. the people were not saving their money

ANSWERS: 1. B 2. D

Existence of mammals on the earth can be traced back to at least Triassic time. the rate of development was retarded, till evolutionary change was suddenly accelerated in the oldest Paleocene. This resulted in an increase in average size larger mental capacity, and special adaptations for different modes of life, during the Eocene time. Further improvement was seen during the Oligocene epoch, with the appearance of some new lines and extinction of others. The Miocene and Pliocene times are especially significant as they mark the culmination of various groups and a continued approach toward modern characters. It is in the Miocene time that the mammals reached their peek with reference to variety and size. The ability of mammals to adapt to various modes of life finds a parallel in the reptiles of the Mesozoic time, and apart from their greater intelligence, the mammals apparently have not done much better than the corresponding reptilian forms. Undoubtedly the bat is a better flying animal than the pterosaur, but at the same time the dolphin and the whale are hardly more fish like than ichthyosaur. Quiet of the few of the swift- running mammals inhabiting the plains, like the horse and the antelope must excel any of the dinosaurs. 1. from the following, choose the most appropriate title for the above passage a. From dinosaur to man B. adaptation and extinction c. The superior mammals d. Man, the Vanquisher of the physical world

Existence of mammals on the earth can be traced back to at least Triassic time. the rate of development was retarded, till evolutionary change was suddenly accelerated in the oldest Paleocene. This resulted in an increase in average size larger mental capacity, and special adaptations for different modes of life, during the Eocene time. Further improvement was seen during the Oligocene epoch, with the appearance of some new lines and extinction of others. The Miocene and Pliocene times are especially significant as they mark the culmination of various groups and a continued approach toward modern characters. It is in the Miocene time that the mammals reached their peek with reference to variety and size. The ability of mammals to adapt to various modes of life finds a parallel in the reptiles of the Mesozoic time, and apart from their greater intelligence, the mammals apparently have not done much better than the corresponding reptilian forms. Undoubtedly the bat is a better flying animal than the pterosaur, but at the same time the dolphin and the whale are hardly more fish like than ichthyosaur. Quiet of the few of the swift- running mammals inhabiting the plains, like the horse and the antelope must excel any of the dinosaurs. 2. according to the passage the chronological order of the geologic period is a. Paleocene, Miocene, Triassic, Mesozoic b. Paleocene, Triassic, Mesozoic, Miocene c. Miocene, Paleocene, Triassic, Mesozoic d. Mesozoic, Paleocene Eocene, Miocene

Although the tyrannosaur was a more weighty and robust carnivore than perhaps any carnivores mammal, the lion and the tiger, by virtue of their superior brain are far more efficient and dangerous beasts of prey. It is significant to note that various species of mammals gradually adapted themselves to various kinds of life styles, some took to grazing on the plains and were able to run swiftly (horse, deer, bison), others started living in rivers and swamps (hippopotamus, beaver), . The ability of mammals to adapt to various modes of life finds a parallel in the reptiles of the Mesozoic time, and apart from their greater intelligence, the mammals apparently have not done much better than the corresponding reptilian forms. Undoubtedly the bat is a better flying animal than the pterosaur, but at the same time the dolphin and the whale are hardly more fish like than ichthyosaur. Quiet of the few of the swift- running mammals inhabiting the plains, like the horse and the antelope must excel any of the dinosaurs. 3. From the above passage, we can infer that the pterosaur a. resembled the bat b. was a Mesozoic mammal c. was a flying reptile d. evolved during the Miocene period

Answers: 1 B 2 D 3 C

Furthermore, in so far as any conclusion about its author can be drawn from five or six plays attributed to him, the Wakefield Master is without exception considered to be a man of sharp contemporary observation. He was, probably electrically educated, as indicated by his Latin and music, his Biblical and patristic lore. Even today he is remembered for his quick sympathy for the oppressed and forgotten man, , his sharp eye for character, a ready ear for colloquial, vernacular turns of speech and a humour alternately rude and boisterous, coarse and happy. Therefore in spite of his conscious artistry as can be seen in his feeling for intricate metrical and stanza forms, he is regarded as a kind of medieval Steinbeck, indignantly angry at, uncompromisingly and even brutally realistic in presenting the plight of agricultural poor. It is now fairly accepted to regard the play as a kind of ultimate point in the secularization of the medieval drama. Therefore more stress has been laid on it as depicting realistically humble manners and pastoral life in the bleak of the west riding of Yorkshire on a typically cold night of December 24 th. 1. Of the following statements, which one is not true of Wakefield Master? a. He and Chaucer were contemporaries b. His plays realistically portray the plight of the country folk of his day c. His writing was similar to that of John Steinbeck d. He was accomplished artist

Furthermore, in so far as any conclusion about its author can be drawn from five or six plays attributed to him, the Wakefield Master is without exception considered to be a man of sharp contemporary observation. He was, probably electrically educated, as indicated by his Latin and music, his Biblical and patristic lore. Even today he is remembered for his quick sympathy for the oppressed and forgotten man, , his sharp eye for character, a ready ear for colloquial, vernacular turns of speech and a humour alternately rude and boisterous, coarse and happy. Therefore in spite of his conscious artistry as can be seen in his feeling for intricate metrical and stanza forms, he is regarded as a kind of medieval Steinbeck, indignantly angry at, uncompromisingly and even brutally realistic in presenting the plight of agricultural poor. It is now fairly accepted to regard the play as a kind of ultimate point in the secularization of the medieval drama. Therefore more stress has been laid on it as depicting realistically humble manners and pastoral life in the bleak of the west riding of Yorkshire on a typically cold night of December 24 th. 2. The word ‘patristic’ in the passage is used to mean: a. Patriotic b)Superstitious c. Relating to Christian fathers d) Simple and common

Furthermore, in so far as any conclusion about its author can be drawn from five or six plays attributed to him, the Wakefield Master is without exception considered to be a man of sharp contemporary observation. He was, probably electrically educated, as indicated by his Latin and music, his Biblical and patristic lore. Even today he is remembered for his quick sympathy for the oppressed and forgotten man, , his sharp eye for character, a ready ear for colloquial, vernacular turns of speech and a humour alternately rude and boisterous, coarse and happy. Therefore in spite of his conscious artistry as can be seen in his feeling for intricate metrical and stanza forms, he is regarded as a kind of medieval Steinbeck, indignantly angry at, uncompromisingly and even brutally realistic in presenting the plight of agricultural poor. It is now fairly accepted to regard the play as a kind of ultimate point in the secularization of the medieval drama. Therefore more stress has been laid on it as depicting realistically humble manners and pastoral life in the bleak of the west riding of Yorkshire on a typically cold night of December 24 th. 3. The statement about the “secularization of the medieval drama” refers to the a. Introduction of religious themes in the early days b. Presentation of erudite material c. use of contemporary materials

ANSWERS: 1 a 2 c 3 c

When it is realized that the Party which possesses this prodigious and unfair advantage is in the main the Party of the rich against the poor, of the classes and their dependents against the masses, of the lucky, the wealthy, the happy, and the strong against the left-out and the shut-out millions of the weak and poor, you will see how serious the constitutional situation has become . 1. In the above passage, the writer sets up all of the following oppositions except: (A) rich vs. poor (B) weak vs. strong (C) lucky vs. unfair (D) wealthy vs. left-out (E) happy vs. shut-out

On the basis of the Big Bang theory scientists predicted levels of Helium-3 in the universe that are ten times greater than the levels actually observed. According to the original model, Helium-3 is produced when low-mass stars burn up hydrogen and become ‘red giants’, as well as being produced in the Big Bang itself. Researchers have now produced a new model in which the Helium-3 produced by a red giant is pushed to the star’s interior and burnt up. Hence the Big Bang theory is no longer undermined by Helium-3 data. 2. The two portions in bold-face are related to each other in which of the following ways? A. The first highlights an observation that tends to undermine a particular theory. The second is that theory B. B. The first is a fact that undermines a theory. The second is context for accepting that theory. C. The first points to an inconsistency in a particular model; the second is the author’s main conclusion. D. The first is a challenge to a classic theory; the second resolves that challenge.

Photography is no longer an art form. Nowadays everyone has access to digital cameras that only need to be pointed at the subject in order to generate a perfect image. 3. The writer of the argument apparently assumes that A. the selection of the subject is not an important artistic factor in photography B. digital cameras will continue to improve in quality C. digital cameras can never go wrong D. photography with all other types of camera is an art form

"In British Columbia, where, since 1990, thirteen rainforest valleys have been clearcut, 142 species of salmon have already become extinct. " 4. What does "clearcut" mean? a) a few trees have been cut down b) many trees have been cut down c) all the trees have been cut down d) None of options Logging, however, provides jobs, profits, taxes for the government and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, so the government is reluctant to restrict or control it. " 5. What does "reluctant" mean? a) doesn't want to b) is not allowed to c) would like to d) accommodating

Answers 1 c 2 c 3 a 4 c 5 a

Diane: As we both know, the population of this country is aging. Elderly people generally prefer not to live in harsh climates characterized by extreme temperatures. Accordingly, in this country's coastal regions, where the climate is generally most temperate, the population is likely to grow, while other regions are likely to suffer population declines. Paul: I disagree. With few exceptions, regions where the climate is harsh are characterized by comparatively low living costs, a compelling factor for retired people with little savings and on fixed incomes. 1. Which of the following is the most likely point of disagreement between Diane and Paul? a. the reason for the population shift toward coastal areas and away from other regions b. whether the country's current decline in overall population will continue into the forseeable future c. why older people find certain regions where the climate is harsh attractive places to live d. whether regions characterized by harsh climates are likely to experience population declines in the foreseeable future

I believe—“That government is best which governs not at all”; and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have. Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient. The objections which have been brought against a standing army. 2. In context, the word “expedient” most nearly means: (A) a thing used when a usual resource is unavailable (B) a means to an end (C) a temporary replacement (D) a recurrent pattern (E) a journey

For us there is only one season, the season of sorrow. The very sun and moon seem taken from us. Outside, the day may be blue and gold, but the light that creeps down through the thickly-muffled glass of the small iron-barred window beneath which one sits is grey and niggard. It is always twilight in one’s cell, as it is always twilight in one’s heart. And in the sphere of thought, no less than in the sphere of time, motion is no more. The thing that you personally have long ago forgotten, or can easily forget, is happening to me now, and will happen to me again to-morrow. Remember this, and you will be able to understand a little of why I am writing, and in this manner writing. . 3. The primary mode of composition of paragraph two is: (A) Narration (B) description (C) cause and effect (D) classification

Thus, upon an inquiry into the whole matter, they reckon that all our actions, and even all our virtues, terminate in pleasure, as in our chief end and greatest happiness; and they call every motion or state, either of body or mind, in which Nature teaches us to delight, a pleasure. Thus they cautiously limit pleasure only to those appetites to which Nature leads us; for they say that Nature leads us only to those delights to which reason, as well as sense, carries us, and by which we neither injure any other person nor lose the possession of greater pleasures, and of such as draw no troubles after them. But they look upon those delights which men by a foolish, though common, mistake call pleasure, as if they could change as easily the nature of things as the use of words, as things that greatly obstruct their real happiness, instead of advancing it, because they so entirely possess the minds of those that are once captivated by them with a false notion of pleasure that there is no room left for pleasures of a truer or purer kind. 4. The use of the pronouns “us” and “our” in paragraph two refers to: • residents of Utopia (B) human beings (C) Men (D) women

Thus, upon an inquiry into the whole matter, they reckon that all our actions, and even all our virtues, terminate in pleasure, as in our chief end and greatest happiness; and they call every motion or state, either of body or mind, in which Nature teaches us to delight, a pleasure. Thus they cautiously limit pleasure only to those appetites to which Nature leads us; for they say that Nature leads us only to those delights to which reason, as well as sense, carries us, and by which we neither injure any other person nor lose the possession of greater pleasures, and of such as draw no troubles after them. But they look upon those delights which men by a foolish, though common, mistake call pleasure, as if they could change as easily the nature of things as the use of words, as things that greatly obstruct their real happiness, instead of advancing it, because they so entirely possess the minds of those that are once captivated by them with a false notion of pleasure that there is no room left for pleasures of a truer or purer kind. 5. According to passage, all of the following are reasons that the pursuit of delight obstructs happiness except: (A) it leaves no room for true pleasure (B) it provides a false notion of pleasure (C) it is the result of a foolish, though common, mistake (D) it is a result of us following Nature

Answers 1 D 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 D