Pearl Harbor Overview of events before during and

Pearl Harbor Overview of events before, during, and after the attack.

American-Japanese conflict Japan declares war on China in 1937 � Japan believed that by expanding into China’s import market and overtaking it they could solve their economic and demographic dilemma. � America had important political and economic interests in South Asia at the time Japan declared war on China. � America responded to Japan’s declaration by imposing trade embargoes and economic sanctions in the hope that without money and goods Japan would cease its attempts at expansion. �

American-Japanese conflict Continued In September of 1940 an embargo was placed on Japan by the U. S. prohibiting exports of steel, scrap iron and aviation fuel. � These embargoes had the opposite effect on Japan rather they became more determined to expand � Negotiations between America and Japan seemed futile as neither country would budge on their resolve. �

Japanese plan of attack � � � Initial plan to destroy U. S. Navy in Hawaii and demoralize the American people was devised by Admiral Yamamoto sometime between January and March of 1940. Admiral Nomura remained in U. S. continuing to seek a diplomatic solution between America and Japan hoped America would agree to its southern expansion but if negotiations were unsuccessful they would go to war. On November 16 th the first unit of attack which consisted of submarines departed Japan On November 26 th the main body of attack which consisted of aircraft carriers and escort began transit to Hawaii

December 7, 1941 Sunday 12/07/41 7: 50 am Japanese Air-attack Commander Mitsuo Fuchida orders his forces to initiate attack on Pearl Harbor. � They first strike the U. S. Army Air Force bases of Wheeler Field and Hickam Field � At around 8: 10 am the first wave of attack descends on the ships docked in Pearl Harbor �

December 7, 1941 Continued Japan’s first wave of attack lasts approximately 1 hour and consisted of 49 high-altitude bombers, 51 divebombers, 40 torpedo planes, 43 fighters. � The second wave consisted of 35 fighters, 78 divebombers, and 54 high-altitude bombers. � The second wave of Japanese forces were met with heavy antiaircraft from the remaining U. S. forces. �

Casualties � � � There was a total of 2, 403 military and civilian killed during the assault And a total of 1, 178 military and civilians wounded 350 Aircraft were destroyed of damaged All Aircraft Carriers remained intact as each had been sent out of Pearl Harbor only days before the attack. 21 Battleships were sunk or damaged

President Roosevelt’s congressional address At 12: 30 pm on December 8, 1941 President Franklin Delano Roosevelt enters the chamber of the House of Representatives. � He is met with thunderous applause from both Democratic and Republican representatives signifying our nations unity. � The President’s speech �

Declaration of war At 1: 00 pm the Senate is unanimous in their decision to declare war on Japan. � At 1: 10 pm the House of Representatives pass the declaration of war with a vote of 388 to 1. �

Manhattan Project Physicists The U. S. with assistance from Great Britain and Canada developed the Atomic Bombs under the codename Manhattan Project � The first A Bomb was named “Gadget” and was tested near Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16, 1945 � Manhattan Project Atomic Bomb Test

Bombing of hiroshima � � � The city of Hiroshima was significant to both Japanese industry and military. It was a communications center, storage point and assembly area for Japanese troops. At the time of attack Hiroshima had a population of about 255, 000 citizens. Those who survived the initial explosion were subjected to radiation poisoning and eventually succumbed to death. By the end of 1945 the death toll reached approximately 90, 000.

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