Peace building and conflict transformation Durga Nidhi Sharma

Peace building and conflict transformation Durga Nidhi Sharma 2072 shrawan 20, Wednesday durganidhi@yahoo. com

Exercise Think of as many words as possible associated with the term ‘CONFLICT’.

Three Categories: ‘CONFLICT’ Positive connotation e. g. excitement, creativity, opportunity Negative connotation e. g. death, aggression, destruction, hatred Neutral connotation e. g. tension, balance, inevitable

What is Conflict?

Conflict is any situation in which two or more parties (individuals or groups) perceive that they have mutually incompatible goals: Perceptions, Relationships, Incompatibility

Levels of Conflict Intra-personal Inter-role Intra-group/inter-organizational Inter-community Inter-national

If conflict was removed, the cosmos itself would disappear. Heraclitus

Various Types of Conflict Behavior Surface Conflict No Conflict Open Conflict Latent Conflict Goals

CONFICT TRIANGLE Action Behavior Goals Needs Interests Context/Situation Conflict Triangle Perceptions Beliefs Ideas Values Attitudes

Conflict Analysis

Actors Uninvolved parties Marginal parties Actively influential parties Core parties

Conflict Mapping is a technique used to represent a conflict graphically, placing the parties in relation both to the problem and each other. Mapping shows different view points from which people learn about each others perceptions.

Party C Party B Party D ISSUE Party A Party F Party E

Root-causes Of conflict Objective Aspect Finding ‘Incompatibilities’ - Interests - Underlying needs - Claims by parties (positions) Subjective Aspect Perceptions - History - Events - Opponent’s needs/interests

Conflict Management an approach that aims to limit and/or avoid violence by promoting positive attitudes and behaviors between the parties in conflict Conflict Resolution various attempts to deal with conflict that aim at providing a solution (accepted by both conflict parties) – it requires addressing the root-causes of conflict.

CONFLIT ESCALATION & DEESCALATIOIN

Conflict Transformation: the most thorough and far-reaching strategy. It needs the longest and most wide-ranging commitment. It concerns the wider social and political sources of a conflict and seeks to transform the negative energy of conflict into positive social and political change.

Conflict transform

Conflict escalation & De-escalation WAR Ceasefire Violence Polarization Agreement Normalization Contradiction Difference Reconciliation

THE HOUR-GLASS MODEL: A SPECTRUM OF RESPONSES Conflict Initiation Conflict settlement Difference Cultural peace building Contradiction Structural peace building Polarization Violence Conflict containment Conflict settlement Conflict transformation War Peacemaking Peacekeeping War limitation Ceasefire Peacekeeping Agreement Peacemaking Normalization Structural peace building Reconciliation Cultural peace building

Dealing with Conflicts Conflict management Conflict Resolution - Mediation, Conciliation, Problem-solving, Facilitated Dialogue, Negotiation Conflict Settlement - Legal Settlement, Arbitration, Bargaining

Conflict transformation is a term which is a significant step beyond conflict resolution. It has particular absence of asymmetric conflicts, where the aim is to transform unjust social relationships. It is also used in the understanding of peace processes, where transformation denotes a sequence of necessary transitional steps.

Conflict Transformation

Zero-sum & Non zero-sum Outcomes Win-lose 4 Win-win 1 Other’s Satisfaction 3 0 2 Lose-lose Lose-win Your satisfaction

APPROACHES TO CONFLICT Yielding CONCERN FOR Other Problem-solving Compromising Withdrawal Contending CONCERN FOR SELF

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