PEACE AND RECONCILIATION BASIC COURSE Pursuing Peace Understanding
PEACE AND RECONCILIATION BASIC COURSE Pursuing Peace Understanding Strategic Peacebuilding The Nature of Conflict The Process of Conflict Transformation & Reconciliation
PURSUING PEACE
WORKSHOP 1: WHAT IS PEACE? 1. Personal Reflection: 5 minutes 2. Group Understanding: 10 minutes 3. Class Understanding: 10 minutes
LOOKING AT PEACE IN SEVERAL LAYERS INEVITABLE PRESENCE OF KOSMOS SALAM SHALOM JUST PEACE THE PEACE OF GOD -THE KIND THAT TRANSCENDS UNDERSTANDING THE HIGHEST FORM OF PEACE ACHIEVABLE BY HUMAN BEINGS TRA NFO RMA TIV E EN GAG EME NT PAX UNJUST ROMANA GLOBALISM SUPPRESSION OF CONFLICT MILITARY POLITICAL ECONOMIC RELIGIOUS
A THEOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE MOST DEVASTATING DISASTER IN THE STORY OF HUMANITY ALIENATION--DISHARMONY IN OUR BASIC RELATIONSHIPS Alienation from God (Spiritual Disaster) E Alienation from the Self (Psycho-Social Disaster) Alienation from Others (Social-Political Disaster) Alienation from the Creation (Economic-Ecological Disaster) EMPIREBUILDING=DISASTROUSLIVING
CHALLENGES FOR BIBLICAL SHALOMLIVING Values of the Global Empire in the 21 st Century Extreme Individualism This is the most emphasized modern cultural value being communicated in the big media, causing the family and community to be disintegrated. Practical Materialism Many families may be religious during Sunday mornings, but practicing materialists during most of the week, influenced more by commercial advertisements and greed-oriented consumerism than by biblical principles, biblical ethics, and biblical morality. A Culture of Violence and War A belief system that human conflicts and differences are ultimately resolved by the use of force; thus, justifying personal, domestic social, and political violence. A Mechanistic View of People In opposition to the biblical view of people, a mechanistic view treats humans and the creation as machine-projects rather than living organisms who are also story-subjects. Thus, the family, the church and the community is seen as an organization to be fixed rather than an organism to be healed.
A THEOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF PEACE THE PEACE OF GOD IS GOOD NEWS HARMONY IN OUR BASIC RELATIONSHIPS Harmony with the Creator (Spiritual Transformation) Harmony with my Being (Psycho-Social Transformation) Harmony with Others (Social-Political Transformation) Harmony with the Creation (Economic-Ecological Transformation) PEACEBUILDING=SALAAM-SHALOMLIVING
PEACEKEEPING The use of legitimate and greater military force to overpower other armed forces that are deemed illegitimate, for the purpose of “peace and order. ” PEACEBUILDING A strategic advancement of Just-Peace using non-violent processes. PEACEMAKING The application of the principles of Jesus Christ in the process of peacebuilding based on biblical salam-shalom.
PEACE AND RECONCILIATION BASIC COURSE Pursuing Peace
UNDERSTANDING STRATEGIC PEACEBUILDING
WHAT IS PEACEBUILDING? A COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY that encompasses, generates, and sustains the full array of processes, approaches, and stages needed to transform conflict toward more sustainable, peaceful relationships. AS A WIDE RANGE OF ACTIVITIES peacebuilding has many functions--conflict transformation, military intervention and conversion, governance and policymaking, restorative and transitional justice, environmental protection, human rights, civilian and military peacekeeping, peace education, activism and advocacy, trauma healing, and social-economic development. RECONCILIATION is the central component of peacebuilding. The conflicting parties must be willing to go on a journey from resolution of issues to rebuilding of relationships.
SUSTAINABLE PEACEBUILDING PRESENT CONFLICTED REALITIES PEACEBUILDING present & future analysis DESIRED FUTURE: JUST-PEACE & RECONCILIATION visioning PROCESS OF RECONCILIATION
IN PEACEBUILDING… OUR VALUES OUR PROCESSES OUR STRUCTURES MUST BE CONSISTENT WITH OUR ENDS
ACTORS TO PEACEBUILDING ACTORS ACTIONS LEVEL 1: TOP LEADERSHIP FEW MIDDLE-RANGE LEADERSHIP LEVEL 3: GRASSROOTS LEADERSHIP AFFECTED POPULATION LEVEL 2: MANY : : Focus on high-level negotiations : : Emphasizes ceasefire : : Led by highly visible, single mediator : : : : Problem-solving workshops Training in conflict resolution Peace Commissions Insider-partial teams : : : : Local Peace Commissions Grassroots training Prejudice reduction Psycho-social work in post-war trauma
AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR A PAR MOVEMENT Adopted from John Paul Lederach, Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies (USIP, Wash. , DC, 1997, p. 80) LEVEL OF RESPONSE SYSTEM VISION: PEACE & RECONCILIATION ROOT CAUSES What are the social structures and relationships we desire? What are the root causes of the crisis? SUB-SYSTEM FOUR TRANSFORMATIONS How do we get from crisis to desired change? RELATIONSHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT ISSUE PREVENTION How do we manage the immediate crisis? CRISIS INTERVENTION 6 WKS-1 YR PREPARATION AND TRAINING 1 YR - 2 YRS How do we prevent the crisis from recurring? DESIGN OF SOCIAL CHANGE 2 YRS-5 YRS TIME FRAME OF ACTIVITY DESIRED FUTURE 5 -10+YRS
PEACE AND RECONCILIATION BASIC COURSE Pursuing Peace Understanding Strategic Peacebuilding
THE NATURE OF CONFLICT
CONFLICT Conflict is an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce recources, and interference from the other party in achieving their goals.
DIMENSIONS OF CONFLICT PERSONAL RELATIONAL STRUCTURAL CULTURAL
CONFLICTS ARE LIKE TREES MISSING GOD’S STANDARD FOR HUMANITY AND THE WHOLE CREATION LEAVES: EFFECTS OF CONFLICT : : armed clashes : : looting : : killing : : raids : : displacement : : poverty : : domestic violence : : addiction TRUNK: CORE ISSUES : : land, ancestral domain : : right to self-determination : : historical injustice : : colonial mentality : : ethnic prejudice : : culture of violence ROOTS: CAUSES OF CONFLICT : : colonialism/foreign oppression : : unjust laws : : graft and corruption : : theologies of violence
DIFFERING APPROACHES TO CONFLICT PREVENTION CONFLICT SETTLEMENT CONFLICT MANAGEMENT CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION
PEACE AND RECONCILIATION BASIC COURSE Pursuing Peace Understanding Strategic Peacebuilding The Nature of Conflict
THE PROCESS OF CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION
CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION is to envision and respond to the ebb and flow of social conflict as lifegiving opportunities for creating constructive change processes that reduce violence, increase justice in direct interaction and social structures, and respond to real-life problems in human relationships.
BASIC HUMAN NEEDS AND RIGHTS SOCIAL Respect. Security. Participation. CULTURAL Culture. Religion. Identity. MATERIAL Food. Shelter. Health Care
WORKSHOP 2: CONFLICT-IN-CONTEXT 1. CONFLICT. What’s the equivalent word for this idea in your own language? What does it mean literally? 2. CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION. What’s the equivalent word for this idea in your own language? What does it mean literally?
HOW CONFLICT DIVIDES A COMMUNITY DESTRUCTIVE 7. POLARIZATION Hostility 5. EYE FOR AN EYE Reaction & escalation _ P Talk negatively about, not with P 3. ISSUE PROLIFERATION P From specific to general P 2. SHIFT FROM DISAGREEMENT TO PERSONAL ANTAGONISM Person seen as problem P= 1. PROBLEM-SOLVING Disagree but share problem P =P LESS TRUST 4. NEGATIVE TRIANGLE P MORE VIOLENCE CASE NEEDS INTERVENTION LESS DIRECT CONTACT 6. ANTAGONISM LESS ACCURATE COMMUNICATION Change in social organization CONSTRUCTIVE
PEACE AND RECONCILIATION BASIC COURSE Pursuing Peace Understanding Strategic Peacebuilding The Nature of Conflict The Process of Conflict Transformation & Reconciliation
THE PROCESS OF RECONCILIATION
PROCESS OF RECONCILIATION Reconciliation is focused on building relationship between antagonists. Reconciliation is a place, a locus, a space created for encounter by the parties. Reconciliation is a great theological concept and a proven practical course of action.
PARADOXICAL ENERGIZERS OF RECONCILIATION TRUTH JUSTICE MERCY LOVE
WORKSHOP 4: TRUTH. LOVE. JUSTICE. MERCY. If Mercy, Truth, Justice, and Peace are persons, how would you describe their respective characters? Please elaborate. TRUTH LOVE JUSTICE MERCY
WORKSHOP 3: RECONCILIATION-IN-CONTEXT 1. RECONCILIATION. The equivalent word for this idea in our own dialect is… It literally means… 2. THE PROCESS OF RECONCILIATION IN OUR CULTURE involves the following steps or approaches: a. b. c.
THE JOURNEY TOWARDS RECONCILIATION DESTRUCTIVE 7. CEASEFIRE POLARIZATION 6. ANTAGONISM MONITOR CEASEFIRE Seek mediation Hostility 5. AGREE TO NEGOTIATE EYE FOR AN EYE M M CASE NEEDS INTERVENTION Talk negatively about, notwith positively about, + M P P P From general specific to specific general 2. SHIFT FROM PERSONAL DISAGREEMENT M P P ANTAGONISM DISAGREEMENT TO PERSONAL TO ANTAGONISM P= Person not as problem seen as problem 1. STICK PROBLEM-SOLVING WITH PROBLEM-SOLVING Disagree but share problem =P P P MORE TRUST 3. ISSUE CLARIFICATION PROLIFERATION M LESS VIOLENCE 4. NEGATIVE TRIANGLE POSITIVE TRIANGLE P MORE DIRECT CONTACT M Proactive Reaction &de-escalation MORE ACCURATE COMMUNICATION Realize oforganization violence Change effects in social CONSTRUCTIVE
A THEOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE MOST DEVASTATING DISASTER IN THE STORY OF HUMANITY ALIENATION--DISHARMONY IN OUR BASIC RELATIONSHIPS Alienation from God (Spiritual Disaster) E Alienation from the Self (Psycho-Social Disaster) Alienation from Others (Social-Political Disaster) Alienation from the Creation (Economic-Ecological Disaster) EMPIREBUILDING=DISASTROUSLIVING
CHALLENGES FOR BIBLICAL SHALOMLIVING Values of the Global Empire in the 21 st Century Extreme Individualism This is the most emphasized modern cultural value being communicated in the big media, causing the family and community to be disintegrated. Practical Materialism Many families may be religious during Sunday mornings, but practicing materialists during most of the week, influenced more by commercial advertisements and greed-oriented consumerism than by biblical principles, biblical ethics, and biblical morality. A Culture of Violence and War A belief system that human conflicts and differences are ultimately resolved by the use of force; thus, justifying personal, domestic social, and political violence. A Mechanistic View of People In opposition to the biblical view of people, a mechanistic view treats humans and the creation as machine-projects rather than living organisms who are also story-subjects. Thus, the family, the church and the community is seen as an organization to be fixed rather than an organism to be healed.
A THEOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF PEACE THE PEACE OF GOD IS GOOD NEWS HARMONY IN OUR BASIC RELATIONSHIPS Harmony with the Creator (Spiritual Transformation) Harmony with my Being (Psycho-Social Transformation) Harmony with Others (Social-Political Transformation) Harmony with the Creation (Economic-Ecological Transformation) PEACEBUILDING=SALAAM-SHALOMLIVING
AN INVITATION TO DREAM AND TO WORK TOGETHER TO BUILD A NETWORK OF PEACEBUILDING COMMUNITIES THROUGHOUT OUR BEAUTIFUL LAND
P. A. R. VALUES 1. LOVE 2. TRUTH 3. JUSTICE 4. FORGIVENESS 5. PEACE 6. VOLUNTARY SERVICE 7. RESPECT 8. PATIENCE 9. MUTUAL LEARNING 10. ACCOUNTABILITY Which of these values are currently difficult for you to put into practice?
PEACE AND RECONCILIATION BASIC COURSE Pursuing Peace Understanding Strategic Peacebuilding The Nature of Conflict The Process of Conflict Transformation & Reconciliation
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