PCR Machine Multiplex PCR Sensitivities to levels less

Multiplex PCR • Sensitivities to levels less than 1 ng of DNA • Over

ABI PRISM® 310 Genetic Analyzer Automated gel pouring Automated sample injection Capillary electrophoresis with

A case of DNA Match Inclusion Suspected Control

DNA Examinations In the Absence of Mother or Father’s Biological Sample A. B. Mt-DNA

Human Genome 23 Pairs of Chromosomes + mt. DNA Located in cell nucleus http:

*Minimal haplotype loci names are hyperlinked to STR fact sheets

Lineage Markers Autosomal (passed on in part, from all ancestors) Y-Chromosome (passed on complete,

Y Chromosome STR Marker Study For Tracing Paternal Lineages Forensically Important Markers: DYS 389

Modern Use of Y-STR Testing Captured December 13, 2003 Matching Y-STR Haplotype Used to

NATIONAL DNA ANALYSIS CENTER CENTRAL FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORY Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of

Mitochondrial DNA (mt. DNA) Cons • Single-cell sensitivity because each cell contains ~1000 mitochondria

Dynamics of mt-DNA inheritance Typing a SNP with Microchip

THANKS FOR PATIENCE LISTENING haque_cfslk@yahoo. co. in

After a decade or so… Here is my sequence

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PCR Machine

Multiplex PCR • Sensitivities to levels less than 1 ng of DNA • Over 10 Markers Can Be Copied at Once • Ability to Handle Mixtures and Degraded Samples • Different Fluorescent Dyes Used to Distinguish STR Alleles with Overlapping Size Ranges

How PCR works

ABI PRISM® 310 Genetic Analyzer Automated gel pouring Automated sample injection Capillary electrophoresis with multi-color detection capabilities

A case of DNA Match Inclusion Suspected Control

DNA Profiling CAN’T ESCAPE DNA TEST

DNA Examinations In the Absence of Mother or Father’s Biological Sample A. B. Mt-DNA Analysis Y-Chromosome DNA Analysis

Human Genome 23 Pairs of Chromosomes + mt. DNA Located in cell nucleus http: //www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/genome/guide/ Autosomes 2 copies per cell Located in mitochondria (multiple copies in cell cytoplasm) mt. DNA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 X Nuclear DNA 3. 2 billion bp Y Sexchromosomes 16, 569 bp Mitochondrial DNA 100 s of copies per cell

*Minimal haplotype loci names are hyperlinked to STR fact sheets

Lineage Markers Autosomal (passed on in part, from all ancestors) Y-Chromosome (passed on complete, but only by sons) Mitochondrial (passed on complete, but only by daughters)

Tracing paternal lineage

Y Chromosome STR Marker Study For Tracing Paternal Lineages Forensically Important Markers: DYS 389 (I and II), DYS 390, DYS 19, DYS 385, DYS 391, DYS 392

Modern Use of Y-STR Testing Captured December 13, 2003 Matching Y-STR Haplotype Used to Confirm Identity (along with allele sharing from autosomal STRs) Uday and Qusay Hussein Is this man really Sadaam Hussein? Killed July 22, 2003

A CASE STUDY FATHER Son-III MISSING

LADDER QUESTIONED EXHIBIT FATHER SON-II

NATIONAL DNA ANALYSIS CENTER CENTRAL FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORY Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India 30 Gorachand Road, Park Circus, Kolkata- 700014, West Bengal FORENSIC DNA EXAMINATION REPORT Report No. : CFSL(K)/EE/2005(M. P. )-XXX Date: XXX 2007

Mitochondrial DNA (mt. DNA)

Mitochondrial DNA (mt. DNA) Cons • Single-cell sensitivity because each cell contains ~1000 mitochondria = very high contamination risk! • Heteroplasmy - more than one mt. DNA type manifesting in different tissues in the same individual • Lower power of discrimination - maternal relatives all share the same mt. DNA

Dynamics of mt-DNA inheritance Typing a SNP with Microchip

THANKS FOR PATIENCE LISTENING haque_cfslk@yahoo. co. in

After a decade or so… Here is my sequence