PCD Objective 4 01 Understand physical development and

PCD Objective 4. 01 Understand physical development and care of the infant (Birth-1 year old)

Infancy • Period between birth and one year old http: //www. babycenter. com/2_newborn-care-immediately-afterbirth_3658844. bc

Never in a person’s lifetime will there be more rapid growth and physical changes than during infancy.

Physical Development • Growth – Increase in a baby’s size and weight • Increasing ability to control and coordinate body movements Flowers will grow when water/fed… babies will grow if loved, nurtured and fed!!!

Development • Increases in skills – Physical – Cognitive – Emotional – Social

Can you name that development? PHYSICAL

Okay, so which one is this? Social

And this? ? Emotional

Last one…. Cognitive

Patterns of physical development • Head to Foot – Babies develop control of head and neck muscles first, then control of muscles move down baby and end with control of legs and feet Head and neck then Legs and feet

Patterns of physical development • Near to Far – Development begins at the trunk of the body and moves outward to hands and feet – Trunk/body – Hands and feet Trunk grows first then leaves…. body develops first then hands and feet

Patterns of physical development • Simple to Complex – Large muscle development takes place first leading to more fine muscle and complex abilities later Large then small muscles

Patterns of Physical Development Activity • Your group (table) each has a pattern. • Your job is to teach your type/pattern to the class so we can understand the pattern. – Ideas: • Use hand motions to teach the pattern as a memory device. • 5 minutes to come up with an idea. • Each group will show the class and the whole class will need to learn the “memory device. ” • On the count of 3… 1, 2, 3 GO!!

Vision Length

Weight (Wt. ) • Amount of body mass a baby has • Infant gains 1 -2 lbs per month in the first six months • Wt. gain is one of the best signs of good health • Most babies lose about 10% of their birth wt. in the 1 st 5 days of life

Categories of Growth & Development during the 1 st year • Afterward, they gain wt. rapidly • Gain 1 -2 pounds (lbs) per month in the 1 st 6 months • Gain 1 lb per month in the next 6 months • Average wt. of a 1 yr. old is 20 -22 lbs.

Length • The number of inches tall an infant measures lying down • Measure length instead of height because they are lying down • Average baby is 20 inches long at birth

Categories of growth and development during the first year • Boys are slightly longer than girls • Average baby at 1 yr. is 30 inches long • Body shape category: – Description on how an Infant looks • Hold themselves in a tightly secured position with fists clenched

Categories of growth and development during the first year • Skinny arms and legs, large abdomen • Navel cord usually falls off in 3 wks. • Body straightens out during the 1 st 6 mths.

Proportion • Relates to the size relationship between different parts of the body – Baby’s head and abdomen are large, and the legs and arms are short and small • Skull has fontanels – What is fontanels? • Open space in babies skull – Allows for brain growth

A stimulating environment • Use picture of baby to write notes on the five senses. • Baby has a wide variety of things to: – See – Taste – Smell – Hear – Touch • Enhances development

Vision • Improves rapidly during the 1 st yr. • Blurry at birth – within week or so, infant is aware of surroundings • By 1 mth. – infant can focus on objects as faraway as 3 feet • By 6 mths. – eyesight reaches the sharpness of adult vision • Child sees two-dimensionally 1 st and then develops depth perception – Distance awareness

Vision • Two-dimensional – seeing an object flat • Three-dimensional – see all sides of an object

Hearing • Develops before birth • Can tell the direction of sound • Language develops with hearing spoken words

Touch • Babies rely on touch of others to teach them about the environment – For exploration (discovery) • Becomes a more important sense for learning as year progresses

Smell & Taste • Develop after birth • Within 10 days they can distinguish their mother from any other person by smell • Two-week old babies can taste the difference between water, sour, sugar, and salt, and milk

Voice • Shrill (sharp, harsh), but softens as lungs mature • Change in the voice results from physical growth of the – – – throat muscles Tongue Lips Teeth Vocal Cords • Change in tongue and in the shape and proportion of the inside of the mouth during the first months of life leads to speech development

Motor Skills • At birth babies have little control over their muscles • Gross motor skills – Large muscles • Arms • Legs • Fine motor skills – Small muscles • Hands • Fingers

Gross vs. Fine Motor Skills • Directions: – Use pipe cleaner to create an object that would represent the motor skill at your table. – Everybody’s object needs to be different. – Use your creative minds to think of a small or large muscle object babies can use, touch, play with, etc.

Use Handout • “Know Your Reflexes” – Appendix 4. 01 D

Reflexes • At birth – Automatic set of reflexes to help them survive

Grasp • Makes a fist over object placed in hand

Rooting • When cheek is stroked – Baby turns toward the side stroked with open mouth

Startle • When baby’s position changes quickly or a loud noise occurs baby throws head back, arms out and arches back

Babinski • Occurs when baby’s foot is stroked and the toes fan out and foot twists in

Sucking • Occurs when something is put in a baby’s mouth

Reflexes group project/presentation • Directions: – Use baby doll to demonstrate the reflex provide to your group – Be ready to tell us what reflex you have, what it means, and then demonstrate to the class using the baby doll what would occur during that reflex.

Influences on Physical Development • Eating foods that contain essential nutrients the body needs to grow and develop is to a child’s lifelong health. • Staying healthy is closely related to eating well and having energy to be active. • Key to development=experiences.

Infant physical care • Handling • Feeding • Teeth • Bathing • Dressing • Diapering • Sleeping • Medical care Use handout to match the word to the picture that best describes the infant physical care You the handout to complete your notes.

Handling • ALWAYS Support head/neck CPSC to Warn of Deadly Baby Sling Dangers http: //bit. ly/b 36 h. XB CBS Early Show

Breastfeeding vs. Bottle Feeding • Mother will need to decide which one – Breastfeeding is free & more nutritious – Bottle feeding can be done by anybody anywhere, but is very expensive • Burp/get air out of lungs after baby eats • When baby seems ready for solid foods, make sure you introduction one at a time. – This way you can determine if baby is allergic to that food. http: //bit. ly/com. Dp. F

Teeth • Will appear during their first year – Teething will hurt, may cry and need numbing medicine • See Dr. for advice • Take good care of your babies teeth and gums – Brush gums with warm, wet wash cloth

Bathing • Sponge bath – Before naval heals • Tub bath – After naval heals

Dressing • Dress babies comfortably • Weather/climate appropriate – They don’t need too many layers of clothing, they tend to get hot easy.

Diapering • Decide whether to use: Disposable diapers (Expensive, easier) VS. Cloth diapers (FREE, but messier) • Need to get a changing table and know the steps to diapering a baby! http: //www. dupagehealth. org/ehs/inst/diaper. asp

Sleeping • Need to establish a Routine • Proper position – Back to sleep – Tummy to play http: //fsid. server 5 d. textor. com/front-play-campaign. html • http: //www. selah. k 12. wa. us/soar/sciproj 99/M onique. Sci. Proj. html • Science experiment

http: //www. toolsofch ange. com/images/doc umentimages/SIDS/si dposter_en. jpg

Medical care • Wellness checkups – Make sure baby goes to their regular Dr. visits – Will need to get shots, etc.

• http: //www. safesurrender. net/

Taking Care of Baby Video • Video segments to show you how to take care of an Infant. • Use the handout provided to fill in answers for 1 -6. • Place this handout with questions answered in your 4. 01 section of your notebook.

A Child Grows The First Year 24 minute Video • Watch video carefully. • You will be given a QUIZ (1 -10) after it has ended.

Which illustrates the early pattern of physical development near to far? A. An infant can crawl across the floor for a toy. B. An infant can lift his head before he sits up. C. And infant can lift up the leg and wiggle his toes. D. An infant can reach out for his mother with both arms. (B)

The infant’s head was much bigger than the rest of his body. What category of growth during the first year is this? A. Body shape B. Proportion C. Vision D. Weight (B)

Which is correct about infant physical development? A. Eating and exercising are not necessary for the health of an infant. B. Infants are too young to be stimulated by going places with parents. C. Infants can be stimulated by going places with parents. D. Select toys for infants that teach them to press keys. (C)

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