PCD Objective 3 02 Prenatal Development Pre Natal
PCD Objective 3. 02 Prenatal Development Pre= _____ Natal=_____
Prenatal Development TERMS Egg (ovum) • • female cell needed for reproduction Sperm • • male cell needed for reproduction • Conception-the union of an ovum and sperm, resulting in the beginning of a pregnancy • http: //www. britannica. com/new-multimedia/wmv/vastv 0433. wmv
n n n n What happens during conception? Male and female reproductive cells unite after sexual intercourse. n Sperm & Egg UNITE/join, come together Sperm that enter uterus quickly swim into the Fallopian tubes. If an ovum/EGG is present, the sperm swarm/crowd around the ovum/EGG and try to break through the surface. In most cases, only ________ sperm is successful. At fertilization, the sperm seals out/stops the remaining sperm, which eventually die. Once the ovum/EGG has been fertilized, it attaches to the wall of the uterus/IMPLANTATION! Menstruation stops until the pregnancy is over. n You won’t have a period ladies!!! The male determines the sex of the child. n ALWAYS n XY=________ OR XX=__________
Let’s SEE Conception for ourselves!! • http: //www. britannica. com/newmultimedia/wmv/vastv 0433. wmv
Ovulation n Once a month a woman’s egg is released from the ovaries
Fallopian Tube • Pair of tubes connecting the egg from the ovary to the uterus.
Uterus • Organ in a woman’s body where a baby develops during pregnancy.
Implantation • Process of attachment of the embryo to the maternal uterine wall.
Amniotic Sac n “Bag” surrounding baby in uterus that holds amniotic fluid
Amniotic Fluid n Liquid that surrounds and protects the developing baby in the uterus during pregnancy “My water broke. ” is a term women use. It’s your amniotic sac that broke and the amniotic fluid comes out.
Placenta n Tissue in the uterus of a pregnant woman that is rich in blood vessels and plays a role in bringing food and oxygen from the mother’s body to a developing baby
Blastocyst n A hollow ball of cells from the fertilized egg that implants itself into the uterus lining
Umbilical Cord n Long tube that connects the placenta to the developing baby during pregnancy; carries food and oxygen to the baby
Full Term n Child carried the entire nine months of pregnancy.
Hormones n Chemicals in the body that cause changes
Trimesters n 3 month period n 3 trimesters = full term pregnancy n 1 st trimester – months 1, 2, 3 n 2 nd trimester – months 4, 5, 6 n 3 rd trimester – months 7, 8, 9
Which trimester is this? ?
Prenatal Terms n Quickening 4 -5 th month n When mother feels that baby move n n Lightening n Baby drops into pelvic area before birth
Order of Development n A baby’s development is grouped into three stages: 1. Zygote 2. Embryo 3. Fetus.
st 1 n Stage: Zygote/Fertilized Egg Conception-2 weeks of pregnancy n fertilized egg and implantation Travels down fallopian tube and attaches itself to uterus n Grows by cell division n Divide and become two and so on. 2 weeks, size of pinhead
Zygote
2 nd Stage: Embryo http: //www. exploratorium. edu/exhibits/embryo. html# n 3 -8 weeks 1 st-Mass of cells develop into all major systems of the body n 2 nd-Sac filled with fluid forms around embryo n 3 rd-Placenta n 4 th-Umbilical Cord n
Embryo
The Stages of Zygote & Embryo Division multiply
Let’s take a closer look!!! n http: //bit. ly/10 wwxe
3 rd Stage: Fetus AKA: Final Stage n 2 nd-9 th Month n 1 st time child is called fetus Human-like features n Fetal movement n n n 4 th and/or 5 th month Labor occurs n Baby gradually moves out of the uterus into the vagina to be born
Fetus
Fetus
First Trimester Month 1 -3 n Month 1 Egg attaches to lining of uterus n Internal organs and circulatory system begin to form n The heart begins to beat n Small bumps indicate the beginning of arms and legs n About the size of a pinhead at two weeks n
First Trimester Month 1 -3 n Month 2 Face, eyes, ears, limbs take shape n Bones begin to form n About ¼ inch long as month begins n
First Trimester Month 1 -3 n Month 3 Nostrils, mouth, lips, teeth buds, and eyelids form n Fingers and toes complete n All organs present, although immature n About 1 inch long as month begins n
1 st Trimester OVERVIEW n Zygote stage – last about 2 weeks after fertilization n n Fertilized egg reaches uterus and attaches to thick lining Cell division begins Then starts the Embryo stage-3 to 8 weeks after conception n n Do not copy Embryo becomes firmly attached to uterus All major organ systems form Placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord formed by end of this stage Embryo at 4 weeks n 1/6 of an inch long n Backbone, spinal column and nervous system are
Second Trimester Month 4 -6 n Month 4 Can suck its thumb n Swallow n Hiccup n Move around n Facial features become clear n About 3 inches, 1 ounce as month begins n
Second Trimester Month 4 -6 n Month 5 Hair, eyelashes, and eyebrows appear n Teeth continue to develop n Organs are maturing n Becomes more active n About 6 ½ inches long and 4 -5 ounces n
Second Trimester Month 4 -6 n Month 6 Fat deposits under skin, but fetus appears wrinkled n Breathing movements begins n 8 -10 inches long and 8 -12 ounces as month begins n
2 nd Trimester OVERVIEW n n n n Stage of the fetus Baby recognizable as human All internal organs present, but not functioning Quickening: 4 th– 5 th month fetal movement felt Fetus at 14 weeks n muscles lengthen and become organized Fetus at 16 weeks n Can grasp with hands, kick and somersault Fetus at 20 weeks n Can hear and recognize mothers voice n Fingernails and fingerprint appear n Sex organs are visible Fetus at 24 weeks: n Covered with a fine hair n Protected by a waxy substance called vernix n Breaths in amniotic fluid Do not copy
Third Trimester Month 7 -9 n Month 7 Periods of activity followed by periods of rest and quiet n 10 -12 inches long and 1 ½ pounds n
Third Trimester Month 7 -9 n Month 8 Weight gain rapidly n May react to loud noises with reflex jerking action n Moves into a head down position n 14 -16 inches and 2 1/2 -3 pounds as month begins n
Third Trimester Month 7 -9 n Month 9 Weight gain continues until the week before birth n Skin becomes smooth as fat deposits continue n Movements decrease as the fetus has less room to move around n Acquires disease-fighting antibodies from the mother’s blood, n Descends into pelvis, ready for birth n 17 -18 inches longs and 5 -6 pounds as month begins n
3 rd Trimester OVERVIEW • • Do not copy Period of the fetus Last 3 months of pregnancy Fetus is capable of living outside the womb LIGHTENING occurs – baby shifts downward and feels more comfortable in upper abdomen Sleeps 90 -95% of the day Birth at 40 weeks At birth, placenta detaches from uterus as lifeline and child takes first breath on their own
Fetal Development n n n What does my baby look like? Growth of a baby is a continuous process Often conveys a sense of awe n n n n n Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9
First Trimester Month 1 4 weeks At the end of the four weeks n ¼ inch in length n Heart, digestive system, backbone and spinal cord begin to form n Placenta (afterbirth) begins to develop n The single fertilized egg is now 10, 000 times larger than size
First Trimester Month 2 8 weeks At the end of 8 weeks: n 1 -1/8 inches long n Heart is functioning n Eyes, nose, lips, tongue, ears and teeth are forming n Penis begins to appear in boys n Baby is moving n although the mother can not yet feel movement
First Trimester Month 3 12 weeks At the end of 12 weeks: n 2 1/2 to 3 inches long n Wt. ½ - 1 oz n Baby develops recognizable form, arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet and toes nails, and earlobes are formed n Eyes are almost fully developed n Baby has developed most of his/her organs and tissues n Heart rate heard at 10 weeks with a special instrument called a Doppler
Second Trimester Month 4 16 weeks At the end of 4 months: n 6 1/2 to 7 inches long n Wt. 6 -7 oz n Baby is developing reflexes, such as sucking and swallowing and may begin sucking his/her thumb n Tooth buds are developing n Sweat glands are forming on palms and soles n Fingers and toes are well defined n Sex is identifiable n Skin is bright pink, transparent and covered with soft, downy hair n Although recognizably human in appearance, the baby would not be able to survive outside the mother's body
Second Trimester Month 5 20 weeks At the end of 5 months: n Baby is 8 to 10 inches long n Weight is about 1 pound n Hair begins to grow on baby's head n Soft woolly hair called lanugos will cover its body. Some may remain until a week after birth, when it is shed. n Mother begins to feel fetal movement n Internal organs are maturing n Eyebrows, eyelids and eyelashes appear n Your breasts may begin to leak a yellowish fluid called colostrum in preparation for
Second Trimester Month 6 24 weeks At the end of 6 months: n Baby is 11 to 14 inches long n Weight is about 1 3/4 to 2 pounds n Eyelids begin to part and eyes open sometimes for short periods of time n Skin is covered with protective coating called vernix
Third Trimester Month 7 28 weeks At the end of 7 months: n Baby is 14 to 16 inches long n Weight is about 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 pounds n Taste buds have developed n Fat layers are forming n Organs are maturing n Skin is still wrinkled and red n If born at this time, baby will be considered a premature baby and require special care
Third Trimester Month 8 32 weeks At the end of 8 months: n Baby is 16 1/2 to 18 inches long n Weight is about 4 to 6 pounds n Overall growth is rapid this month n Tremendous brain growth occurs at this time n Most body organs are now developed with the exception of the lungs n Movements or "kicks" are strong enough to be visible from the outside n Kidneys are mature n Skin is less wrinkled n Fingernails now extend beyond fingertips
Third Trimester Month 9 36 -40 weeks At the end of 9 months: n Baby is 19 to 20 inches long n Weight is about 7 to 7 1/2 pounds n The lungs are mature n Baby is now fully developed and can survive outside the mother's body n Skin is pink and smooth n Baby settles down lower in the abdomen in preparation for birth and may seem less active
Guided practice n n n You will pick a number 1 -9 out of the cup. That # will represent a month of pregnancy. After you have chosen a month, you will find an object in the classroom that would represent the size of the embryo and fetus at each stage of development. After objects are collected, display and give a description
Independent Practice n n n You will be grouped with a partner to decorate a bulletin board according to the month of pregnancy you choose. Bulletin Boards must be neat, attractive, easy to read-words must be big enough to read, no grammatical errors Your bulletin board must provide the following: n n Pictures Grammatical Errors Labels Content (info discussed in class) n n n 10 points 20 points 40 points Gather info from notes, textbook, Internet Creative TOTAL 20 points 100 Points
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