PC Support Repair Chapter 5 Windows Installation Objectives

PC Support & Repair Chapter 5 Windows Installation

Objectives • After completing this chapter, you will meet these objectives: ▫ Explain the purpose of an operating system. ▫ Describe and compare operating systems to include purpose, limitations, and compatibilities. ▫ Determine the operating system based on customer needs. ▫ Install and upgrade an operating system. ▫ Understand & describe the boot process.

The Operating System • OS provides interface between user, application & hardware

OS Terms • All modern OS’s have all of these capabilities Describing Operating Systems Multi-user Two or more users have individual accounts to work with programs and devices at the same time Multitasking OS can operate multiple programs at the same time Multiprocessing OS can support two or more CPUs Multithreading OS can execute different parts of a program (thread) at the same time without interfering with each other

Basic Functions of an OS Manages Files & Folders Controls Hardware Access Provides a User Interface Operating System Manages Applications

Purpose of OS: Hardware Access • Interaction between hardware & application • Device driver handles this ▫ Program from hardware manufacturer • Pn. P auto detects hardware & installs driver ▫ OS then configures the device ▫ Updates the registry

Purpose of OS: File & Folder Management • Folders (directories), subfolders (sub-directories), Files

Purpose of OS: User Interface GUI (graphical user interface) CLI (command line interface)

Purpose of OS: Application Management • Click an icon, OS locates program, loads into RAM • OS makes sure the application has system resources • An Application Programming Interface (API) is a set of guidelines used by programmers to ensure that the application they are developing is compatible with an OS. ▫ Open Graphics Library (Open. GL) – Cross-platform standard specification for multimedia graphics ▫ Direct. X – Collection of APIs related to multimedia tasks for Microsoft Windows ▫ Windows API- Allows old Windows programs to work in newer versions of Windows ▫ Java API- related to Java programming

Review- 4 Q • You are creating a new web design software. What guidelines do you need to follow to ensure it will work on an OS? ▫ API • DOS has what kind of interface? ▫ CLI • Windows has what kind of interface? ▫ GUI • What are the 4 basic functions of an OS? ▫ Hardware access, manage files/folders, user interface, manage applications

Processor Architecture • Amount of data a CPU can handle; How an OS processes data; 32 -bit & 64 -bit OS • 32 -bit (x 86) OS ▫ Can only access up to 4 GB RAM • 64 -bit (x 64) OS ▫ ▫ Can access more than 128 GB RAM Data path is bigger, faster Need 64 -bit program to take advantage of it Backwards compatible with 32 -bit

Desktop OS • Supports a single user • Runs single-user applications • Shares files & folders on a small network with limited security • Windows, Mac OS, Linux ▫ Linux is open-source ▫ Many different versions of Windows & Mac OS

Network OS (NOS) • • Supports multiple users Runs multi-user applications Increased security over Desktop OS Network resources: ▫ Server applications/shared databases ▫ Central file storage ▫ Centralized user acct management ▫ Redundant storage ▫ Network printing

Project • 5. 1. 2. 3 ▫ Search NOS Certifications & Jobs

Customer Requirements for an OS

Pick the Right OS • What’s their budget? • What applications is the customer using? ▫ Will the OS be compatible? • Is it compatible with the existing hardware?

Check Minimum Requirements • • RAM Hard disk drive CPU Video adapter card • May need to upgrade some • Make sure you have more than minimum

Checking OS Compatibility • Verifies your hardware is compatible with the OS ▫ Upgrade Assistant (Win 8) or Upgrade Advisor (Win 7)

Windows OS Upgrades • Helps remain compatible with newer hardware • Check requirement before upgrading • BACK UP ALL DATA!

Data Migration • Tools to transfer data ▫ User State Migration Tool (USMT) �User files and settings �Download from Microsoft ▫ Windows Easy Transfer �Transfers files and settings �USB, CD/DVD, flash drive, external drive, network Professor Messer

Watch Windows East Transfer

Review- 2 Q • Before you install a new OS, you should check if your hardware will work with it. What should you reference? ▫ Windows Compatibility Center • Windows & Mac are versions of what types of OS that are designed for a single user? ▫ Desktop OS

Operating System Installation

Parts of the Hard Drive • Sector ▫ Small section • Cluster ▫ One or more sectors • Track ▫ One complete circle of data on one side of a hard drive platter ▫ A track is broken into groups of sectors

Clean Install • When passing on computer to another user • When OS is corrupt • When replacing hard drive • Install from CD/DVD is most common ▫ Must set BIOS to boot from optical drive • During install, you can partition/format a hard drive ▫ This process prepares a file system in a partition for files to be stored

What is Partitioning? • Dividing the drive into logical units

Partition Standards BIOS UEFI • Looks at beginning of 1 st disk- BOOT SECTOR • Checks boot sector for MBR • The MBR contains the BOOT LOADER ▫ Boot loader knows where OS is stored & how to start it • BIOS simply tries to find a valid boot loader at the beginning of the first disk and run it. ▫ BIOS doesn’t know about partitions or OS • Smarter than BIOS • Knows all the OSs installed & where they’re located on the disk • Knows about all disks/partitions and installed OSs • Uses a GPT (GUID Partition Table)

Summary of Partitioning Standards

Primary Partition • Contains OS files • Usually the 1 st partition • Can be divided into smaller partitions • MBR BIOS drive: Max of 4 primary partitions • GPT UEFI drive: Max of 128 primary partitions

Active & Extended Partition- MBR BIOS Drives • Active Partition used to store and boot the OS ▫ Only 1 primary can be marked active at a time ▫ Usually the C: drive • Need more than 4 partitions per drive? • Make an Extended Partition ▫ Only 1 extended partition per hard drive ▫ These are not bootable ▫ Extended can be broken up further into LOGICAL DRIVES �Can be split up to 23 logical drives

MBR BIOS Drive Example 1 st Hard Drive; Bootable; All of the HD is one letter; PRIMARY PARTITION C: C: C: 1 st Hard Drive; C: is PRIMARY bootable; D: is an EXTDENDED LOGICAL PARTITION D: D: E: 1 st Hard Drive; C: is PRIMARY bootable; D: & E: are EXTDENDED LOGICAL PARTITIONS

Disk Types • Basic ▫ Default ▫ Can have partitions ▫ Can convert to dynamic w/out losing data • Dynamic ▫ Can create volumes that span disks ▫ Can change size of partitions even after set ▫ Drive can be prepared for mirroring/RAID

Review- 3 Q • If you have 2 MBR BIOS hard drives, how many primary partitions can you have? ▫ 8 • Which MBR BIOS partition has the boot loading files? ▫ Active, usually C: drive • If you have 2 physical MBR BIOS hard drives, how many extended partitions can you have? ▫ 2

UEFI GPT Drives • All partitions are primary • NO active, extended, or logical • Only for 64 -bit systems • Check what format you have: ▫ ▫ Disk Management Right-click on drive…Properties Volume Tab Look at Partition Style

Activity

File Systems

New Install- Formatting the Drive Part 1 • FAT 32 ▫ Generally can be used in XP & earlier ▫ Supports partitions up to 2 TB • NTFS ▫ ▫ Used most of the time Supports partitions up to 16 exabytes Has better file security (encryption & compression) Supports larger file sizes

New Install- Formatting the Drive Part 2 • ex. FAT (FAT 64) ▫ For flash drives & card ▫ Supports files larger than 4 GB • Compact Disk File System (CDFS) ▫ For optical drives • Network File System (NFS) ▫ Allows files to be accessed over a network ▫ Open standard

Types of Formatting • Quick Format ▫ Erases files ▫ Does NOT scan for bad sectors • Full Format ▫ Erases files ▫ Scans for bad sectors ▫ Takes longer

Review- 5 Q • What is a complete circle of data on a HD? ▫ Track • How many partitions can there be per MBR HD? ▫ 4 • How many active partitions can there be at a time? ▫ 1 • What partition contains the OS? ▫ Primary • You partitioned the HD with an OS C: , and D: for data only. What kind of partition is D: ? ▫ Extended partition

Install Windows 8/10

Types of User Accounts • Administrator ▫ Created on first install ▫ Can make any changes to system • Standard ▫ Has fewer permissions ▫ Can’t make changes that affect other users or security • Guest ▫ Very limited permissions • Control Panel >> User Accounts

Activity • Install Windows Lab ▫ FOLLOW DIRECTIONS INCLUDING THE USERNAME AND PASSWORD! • Check for Windows Updates Lab

Review- 3 Q • Can you complete an install w/out the key? ▫ Yes, delayed up to 30 days • During install, you are asked to create a user name & password. What kind of account is created during this step? ▫ Administrator account • What’s the difference between an Admin & Standard account? ▫ Admin can change security settings, install software, and make changes to all accounts

Custom Installation Options Installing on Multiple Computers

Disk Cloning • Create an image for cloning • Install OS, software, & settings on one computer • Run Sysprep • Create an image using cloning software • Copy image to a server

Network Installation • Image or OS files are on a server & client can access the server • If no OS on client ▫ NIC must be PXE-enabled ▫ NIC listens for the instructions

Restore, Refresh, Recover • System Restore ▫ To an earlier restore point • Refresh Your PC (Win 8 & 10) ▫ Restores system software back to original state WITHOUT deleting user data or apps • Recovery Partition ▫ Has an image to restore PC back to original state ▫ Usually press a key to boot to recovery mode

System Recovery • Press & hold F 8 on boot • Troubleshoot & then Advanced Boot Options ▫ Windows Startup Settings �Enable Safe Mode, disable auto reboot so you can see & read blue screen error message ▫ System Restore �Restore to an earlier point ▫ System Image Recovery �Restores using a system image ▫ Automatic Repair �Scans to repair boot issues ▫ Command Prompt ▫ UEFI

Activity

Review- 3 Q • How many primary partitions can be on an MBR HD? ▫ 4 • You are installing a clean copy of 10. What option do you select when the DVD starts? ▫ Custom (Advanced) • What 3 things can be done when Custom is chosen? ▫ Clean install ▫ Partition change ▫ Select where to install OS

Review- 2 Q • What kind of install uses a master computer all set up and then you “copy” it to all of your other computers? ▫ Cloning or imaging • In order to install an OS over the network, what must be installed & configured on your PC? ▫ PXE-enabled NIC

Windows Boot Process

Windows 10 Boot Sequence 1. Power On Self Test (POST) ▫ Any errors will be beep-codes 2. BIOS locates & reads config settings in CMOS ▫ Finds what device to boot to �This is where the OS is 3. Windows Boot Manager starts (BOOTMGR) ▫ WINLOAD. EXE finds boot partition ▫ Loads NTOSKRNL. EXE & HAL. DLL ▫ Registry is read and drivers are loaded

Activity- Order the boot steps

Startup Modes • Press F 8 on boot for Advanced Startup Options • Safe Mode ▫ Starts Windows with basic drivers • Safe Mode with Networking ▫ Starts Windows in Safe Mode with drivers for NIC • Safe Mode with Command Prompt ▫ Starts Windows and loads the command prompt instead of GUI • Last Known Good Configuration ▫ Loads the configuration settings that were used the last time that Windows started successfully

The Registry • Every setting is stored in the registry • Begin with HKEY_

Multiboot Procedures • BOOTMGR will see if you have multiple OSs ▫ If so, you get a menu to choose the OS ▫ 1 OS per partition ▫ Oldest OS on first, active partition

Create New Partition- Disk Management • Extend, split partitions, assign drive letters • Right-click on Computer, Manage • Extend Partition ▫ Right-click, Extend Volume • Split Partition ▫ Right-click, Shrink Volume ▫ Format the new space & assign letter

Changing Drive Letters • From the Disk Management, right-click the drive and select Change Drive Letter and Paths

RAID- Multiple Drives & Redundancy • RAID 0 ▫ Data STRIPED or spread across drives ▫ Drive fails= you’ll be missing parts of files • RAID 1 ▫ Data is MIRRORED to other drives ▫ 2 1 TB drives gives you 1 TB of usable storage • RAID 5 ▫ STRIPED & REDUNDANCY ▫ With PARITY to help rewrite striped data if fails

Videos

Which RAID?

Project • Lab 5. 2. 4. 7 ▫ Create a partition in Windows 10

Directory Structure & Files

File Locations • User Files ▫ C: UsersUser_name • System Files ▫ C: Windowssystem 32 • Fonts ▫ C: WindowsFonts • Program Files ▫ 32 -bit system: C: Program Files (x 86) ▫ 64 -bit system: C: Program Files & C: Program Files

Directories & Files • File Rules: ▫ 255 characters max ▫ Can’t use a slash or a backslash (/ ) ▫ File extension added to filename ▫ Filenames are not case sensitive • Unhide the file extensions ▫ Control Panel, Folder Options

File Attributes • How each file can be viewed or altered ▫ R - read-only ▫ A - The file will be archived the next time that the disk is backed up ▫ S - system file; warning given if an attempt is made to delete or modify the file ▫ H - hidden in the directory display

Review- 4 Q • 1 st thing when computer turns on? ▫ POST • What do you think will happen if you get a “BOOTMGR is missing” message? ▫ OS will not load • What does BOOTMGR do? ▫ Menu of what OS to select • What does MBR stand for? ▫ Master boot record

PC Support & Repair Chapter 5 Windows Installation