PC Maintenance Preparing for A Certification Chapter 27
- Slides: 43
PC Maintenance: Preparing for A+ Certification Chapter 27: The Boot Process
Chapter 27 Objectives n n n n Understand bootable disks Identify key boot files in each OS version List the boot sequence for each OS Use alternative boot modes Create and use a boot floppy Use the Recovery Console Create and use an ERD Troubleshoot startup and shutdown problems
What Constitutes a Bootable Disk? n A disk that can bring the PC to a functional level, with the OS ready to accept user commands
Startup Configuration Files for DOS n CONFIG. SYS n n n Used primarily under MS-DOS Plain text file Lists environment variables and device drivers Runs only at startup AUTOEXEC. BAT n n Used primarily under MS-DOS Plain text file Lists applications to run at startup Simple batch file, can be rerun at any time
Sample CONFIG. SYS
Sample AUTOEXEC. BAT
Startup Configuration Files for Windows 3. x n SYSTEM. INI n n n Loads device drivers Defines environment variables WIN. INI n n n Loads applications Sets display settings and I/O device settings Defines application settings
Sample SYSTEM. INI
Sample WIN. INI
The Registry 32 -bit versions of Windows system settings files n In Windows 9 x: SYSTEM. DAT and USER. DAT n In Windows NT/2000/XP: SAM, SECURITY, SYSTEM, SOFTWARE, DEFAULT n Accessed through the Registry Editor as a single database n
MS-DOS Boot Sequence 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. BIOS performs POST BIOS searches for master boot record (MBR), which defines the active partition MBR takes control and locates IO. SYS takes control, identifies hardware IO. SYS runs CONFIG. SYS MSDOS. SYS takes control, loads OS kernel into RAM MSDOS. SYS runs AUTOEXEC. BAT Command. com displays a command prompt
Windows 9 x Boot Sequence 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. BIOS performs POST BIOS searches for MBR takes control and locates IO. SYS takes control, runs MSDOS. SYS instructions IO. SYS loads LOGO. SYS (graphic file) and displays it as Windows “splash screen” IO. SYS looks for SYSTEM. DAT and USER. DAT and checks them
Windows 9 x Boot Sequence 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. IO. SYS loads SYSTEM. DAT IO. SYS executes CONFIG. SYS and AUTOEXECB. BAT if present IO. SYS loads HIMEM. SYS IO. SYS loads WIN. COM Win. COM loads 386. VXD (virtual memory manager) VMM 386. VXD loads 32 -bit device drivers
Windows 9 x Boot Sequence 13. 14. 15. 16. WIN. COM processes SYSTEM. INI if present WIN. COM loads KRNL 32. DLL, GDI. EXE, and USER. EXE WIN. COM executes WIN. INI if present WIN. COM runs any programs from Startup folder on Start menu
Alternative Boot Modes for Windows 9 x n Press F 8 as PC is starting up to see Startup Menu
Alternative Boot Modes for Windows 9 x
Safe Mode n n n Minimal set of drivers Standard VGA driver No support for CD, sound, modems
Step by Step Confirmation n Accept or reject each line of the startup
Windows NT, 2000, and XP Boot Sequence 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. BIOS performs POST BIOS searches for MBR takes control and locates NTLDR switches CPU into 32 -bit protected mode NTLDR reads BOOT. INI. If multiple OSes, it displays a menu for user choice, and passes control to the chosen OS NTLDR runs NTDETECT. COM, which detects the hardware for Registry
Windows NT, 2000, and XP Boot Sequence 7. 8. 9. 10. NTLDR reads NTOSKRNL (OS kernel) into memory NTLDR locates drivers for Registryreported hardware NTLDR hands over control to NTOSKRNL. EXE loads the device drivers and the GUI
Alternative Boot Modes for NT 4 n VGA mode
Alternative Boot Modes for Windows 2000 and XP
Troubleshooting 9 x Startup n No operating system found No bootable disk is available n PC does not see hard drive n Hard drive not formatting n No OS installed n Loose connection to hard disk n Physical malfunction n Virus infection n IO. SYS or MSDOS. SYS missing or corrupted n
Troubleshooting 9 x Startup n Error in CONFIG. SYS Line xx n Driver called for in CONFIG. SYS missing or corrupted Bad or Missing COMMAND. COM n Stuck at Windows splash screen n Press Esc to see what is going on behind it n Disable virtual memory n Rebuild paging file n
Troubleshooting 9 x Startup Missing, Corrupt, or Unloaded HIMEM. SYS n Windows protection error n Virtual device driver problem n Start in Safe Mode and check for a real-mode driver on CONFIG. SYS n Remove and reinstall the device n n Device referenced in SYSTEM. INI or WIN. INI not found
Troubleshooting 9 x Startup n General protection fault (GPF) Two programs try to use the same memory space n Make a note of the file causing the error, and restart n If repeats, try reinstalling the associated program or using EXTRACT to re-copy file from Windows disc n
Troubleshooting 2000/XP Startup Try Safe Mode n Try restoring last known good configuration n If Windows XP, use System Restore n Repair Windows installation by booting from Setup CD and choosing Repair n
Controlling What Loads at Startup n Disable items in WIN. INI, SYSTEM. INI, AUTOEXEC. BAT, and CONFIG. SYS through the System Configuration Editor (SYSEDIT)
Controlling What Loads at Startup n Delete items from Startup folder on Start menu
Controlling What Loads at Startup n Use System Configuration Utility (MSCONFIG) to disable startup items
Creating a 9 x Startup Floppy 1. 2. 3. Open Control Panel Add/Remove Programs, Startup Disk tab Click Create Disk and follow the prompts
How a Boot Floppy Works Booting from floppy creates RAM disk 2. Compressed files are decompressed onto RAM disk 1. Therefore… some utilities are directly on the floppy, and others are on the RAM disk
Files on a Boot Floppy n DRVSPACE. BIN: Support for hard disks compressed with Drive. Space n EBD. CAB: The compressed file containing extra utilities to be placed on RAM disk n AUTOEXEC. BAT and CONFIG. SYS n FINDRAMD. EXE: Locates the RAM disk n EXTRACT. EXE: Extracts compressed files to RAM disk n FDISK: Partitions disks n README. TXT: Information n CD-ROM drivers
Files on the RAM Disk
What is an ERD? n Emergency Repair Disk n For Windows 2000/XP only n Not bootable n Stores settings that can help repair Windows, along with Windows Setup’s Repair mode n Specific to that PC
Creating an ERD 1. Start the Backup application 2. Click the Emergency Repair Disk button 3. Follow the prompts
What Is the Recovery Console? Command-line interface n Limited set of commands n Accessible even when Windows will not start normally n Can repair the MBR, disable services, etc. n
Booting to the Recovery Console 1. Boot from the Windows CD 2. Choose R for Repair 3. Choose C for Recovery Console 4. Type 1 to choose the Windows installation 5. Enter administrator password when prompted
Recovery Console Commands n. Some n n n are same as with Win 9 x startup disk: ATTRIB CD MD COPY DEL CHKDSK n n n n DIR EXIT EXPAND FORMAT MD RD REN
Recovery Console Commands n Some are different from normal command prompt commands: BATCH n DISABLE n DISKPART n ENABLE n FIXBOOT n FIXMBR n LISTSYS n
Troubleshooting Shutdown Problems n Does not shut off with Shut Down command Is ACPI enabled in BIOS Setup? n Is it an ATX motherboard? n Is ACPI enabled in Windows? n Are case wires connected to motherboard? n Is a BIOS update available for motherboard? n
Troubleshooting Shutdown Problems n Application Not Responding Click End Task if dialog box appears n Press Ctrl+Alt+Delete and shut down application n n No Shutdown with Power Button n Hold power button down for 5 seconds
Troubleshooting Shutdown Problems n Windows 98 locks up when shutting down Download patch for Windows 98 n Disable Fast Shutdown (in MSCONFIG) n
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