PBN implementation project at Greek Island airports Anthony

PBN implementation project at Greek (Island) airports Anthony van der Veldt Assistant Director Safety, Operations & Infrastructure IATA, European Regional Office Brussels

PBN Benefits The full usage of the available on-board avionic PBN capabilities provides for the following safety and economic benefits: äReduce fuel consumption/ environmental impact by using stabilized approaches äImprove safety by ä ä ä Simplifying and standardizing design and training Reducing cockpit workload Replacing Circling, NDB approaches (avoiding NPA) äEnhance efficiency by shortening of routings äImprove continuity of airline operations äImprove access to runways ä ä RATF Meetring LNAV/VNAV minima as low as, i. e. 250 ft AGL and above Less diversions 2 BRU, 30 May 2012

Airline expectations PBN Approach Procedures ä Airlines are very much interested in PBN procedures: ä Implementing ICAO Resolution A 37 -11 ä RNP APCH including APV Baro. VNAV procedures acc. EASA AMC 20 -27 ä SBAS approaches not emphasized as most IATA members do not have such capability and will not invest either due to negative Business Case ä PBN offers RNP AR procedures to cope with mountainous terrain ä RNP AR APCH acc. EASA AMC 20 -26 ä RF-legs and RNP smaller than 0. 3 (down to 0. 1) ä (e. g. Airberlin has excellent experience at Innsbruck, ie. less diversions, less complex approach) ä RNP AR has stringent requirements for airline/crew, similar to ILS CATII/III RATF Meetring 3 BRU, 30 May 2012

Eligible Airports for PBN Airport Number of flights 2011 Number of flights by Aircraft types Actual Nav Proc Heraklion 27. 793 A 3: 5. 303; AO: 4. 892 A 320; RJ 100, DHC 8 -400 VOR, DME X 3: 1. 904; AB: 1. 038 B 737 -8; A 320 Korfu 10. 677 A 3: 2. 212; AO: 1. 234 A 320, RJ 100 DHC 8400 VOR AB: 918; X 3: 611 B 737 -8 Kos 10. 272 OA: 2. 496; A 3: 1. 254 DHC 8; A 320 X 3: 951; AB 741 B 737 -8 VOR NDB Santorini 5. 941 OA: 2. 026; A 3: 1. 776 A 320, DHC 8 -400 AB: 124 B 737 -7/8 VOR/DME, NDB Samos OA: 1. 632; A 3: 992 AB: 355; VOR/DME, NDB RATF Meetring 4. 321 4 A 320, RJ 800 BRU, 30 May 2012

ATM Hurdles Constraints Lack of specialised personnel Old software Absence of Digital Terrain Model of Greece as a cartographic source data RATF Meetring Possible impact on PBN implementation Training is required at all levels in HCAA for Instrument Procedure Designers, Air Traffic Controllers and Technical staff Not able to deliver support for PBN procedures Does not improve the accuracy of the data and the easiness of use and implementation of the software. 5 BRU, 30 May 2012

RATF Meetring 6 BRU, 30 May 2012

Aircraft NAV capabilities Air Berlin B 737 700/800 A 319/320/321. Tuifly B 737 Olympic Air A 319/320 Q 400 NG: Q 400 - same as Q 400 NG Dash 8 -100 RATF Meetring Approved for PRNAV RNP APCH incl. Baro. VNAV RNP AR Capable of: RF Approved for PRNAV RNP APCH incl. Baro. VNAV Capable of: RF Approved for PRNAV RNP APCH incl. Baro. Vnav Capable of RF Approved for PRNAV Capable but not approved for RNP APCH Capable of RF Approved for PRNAV Capable but not approved for RNP APCH; Capable of RF Approved for No PRNAV No RNP APCH No RF 7 BRU, 30 May 2012

Airports Actual Minima Heraklion RWY 09 Min 0990 ft AGL CIRC RWY 27 Min 1020 ft AGL VORDME Corfu RWY 17 Min 1700 ft AGL CIRC RWY 35 Min 2000 ft. AGL VORDME Santorini RWY 14 Min 0510 ft AGL VORDME RWY 32 Min 0510 ft AGL VORDME Rhodos RWY 07 Min 1090 ft AGL VORDME Thessaloniki RWY 34 Min 1280 ft AGL VORDME RWY 28 Min 1380 ft AGL CIRC RATF Meetring 8 BRU, 30 May 2012

Summary Report 5 Apr 12 Meeting (2) Airport selection and PBN procedures: äHeraklion (HER) and Korfu (CFU) airports were selected to start with and gain experience äAs a first priority RNP APCH (straight-in) procedure implementation was emphasized for HER RWY 27 and CFU RWY 35. äAdditionally, RNP AR procedures at HER RWY 09 and CFU RWY 17 RATF Meetring 9 BRU, 30 May 2012

Heraklion ä Heraklion (LGIR) the second busiest airport in Greece during summer PBN ä RWY 27: RNP APCH ä Complement or replace existing straight-in VOR or NDB approaches ä Straight-in RNP APCH APV Baro. VNAV approach (RNAV GNSS approach) ä RWY 09: RNP AR ä Approach procedure (only visual procedures are actually available) RATF Meetring 10 BRU, 30 May 2012

Corfu Actual situation / procedures äCorfu (LGKR) has big percentage of diverted aircrafts due to weather äStraight in procedure starting from 9 NM with an RNAV IAF. äMost often visibility is good and a right hand visual pattern to RWY 35 is flown east of the airport. äWest of the airport is not possible due to terrain äMedium intensity approach lights of 500 m length, no runway center lights äVOR Y approach chart, the landing minimum is 2000 ft AGL, due to the obstacles and the lateral inaccuracy of the VOR äObstacles near RWY 17, i. e. antenna of 600 ft height at only 500 m (0. 25 NM) from the threshold. äRWY 17: No approach lights, No RWY center line lights. äApproach minima are highly dependent on the available lighting, if no lighting to one RWY-end minima are high. . . äAbsence of centerline lights does not improve awareness during night approaches, the runway really appears as a black box in front of the pilot, making visual 3 D perception during approach and flare difficult. RATF Meetring 11 BRU, 30 May 2012

Corfu PBN implementation RWY 35: RNP APCH Complement or replace existing straight-in VOR or NDB approaches ä Straight in RNP APCH APV Baro. VNAV approach (RNAV GNSS approach) äRNP approach ä ä ä More precise lateral navigation (0. 3 NM) Reduce landing minima. äThorough obstacle analysis is absolutely needed to provide for a optimum approach design and allow optimum identification of MDAs/DAs. RATF Meetring 12 BRU, 30 May 2012

Corfu RWY 17: Draft RNP – AR procedure design ä Replaces the visual circling to RWY 17 ä Includes RF-legs in the final approach segment, and turn radius is calculated / designed to provide for CAT D aircraft ä Procedure based on RNP 0. 3 ä ä Successful Simulator Flight validation ä ä Future lower RNP down to 0. 1, improving obstacle clearance and leading to lower minimums mandated by AMC 20 -26 Missed Approach: as officially published (VOR A Circling). RATF Meetring 13 BRU, 30 May 2012

Way forward Create road map äOutlining the steps to be taken for RNP APCH (& AR) introduction at HER and CFU, incl. : ä Airline accountabilities, e. g. what is needed for pilot training, documentation, aircraft approval, cost benefit analysis, etc. ä Regulatory and ANSPs accountabilities, i. e. what/how needs to be proven and by whom. RATF Meetring 14 BRU, 30 May 2012

Actions by HCAA: äEstablish Po. Cs accountable for PBN introduction äBecome familiar with AMC 20 -27 RNP APCH Approval & Certification äLiaise with German regulator LBA to share experience äPBN software design should also be capable of RNP AR procedure design äStart familiarization of ANSP management and ATCO’s at HER and CFU by means of e. g. e-training; PBN courses etc. Actions by OA and A 3 äBecome familiar with AMC 20 -27 requirements and prepare for approval for eligible fleet äBecome familiar with PBN procedures for pilots by means of e-learning packages e. g. available with ICAO, IATA, Eurocontrol äLiaise with AB and A 3 for sharing experience RATF Meetring 15 BRU, 30 May 2012

IATA LIST PRNAV and RNP APCH State Austria Airport TMA/Runways VIE PRNAV SIDs/STARs Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Finland BRU PRNAV SIDs/STARs PRG PRNAV SIDs/STARs CPH PRNAV SIDs/STARs HEL OUL PRNAV SIDs/STARs PRNAV SIDs/STARs Arr RWY 22 L/R France RATF Meetring CDG LYS NCE 16 BRU, 30 May 2012

IATA LIST PRNAV and RNP APCH RATF Meetring Germany FRA CGN DUS HAJ HAM MUC NUE STR Arr RWY 25 L/R Dep 07 L/R PRNAV SIDs/STARs PRNAV SIDs/STARs Greece ATH CHQ HER PRNAV SIDs/STARs Hungary BUD PRNAV SIDs/STARs Dep 31 L/R 17 BRU, 30 May 2012

IATA LIST PRNAV and RNP APCH Ireland DUB PRNAV SIDs/STARs FCO LIN MXP BLQ CTA LIN PMO PRNAV SIDs/STARs PRNAV SIDs/STARs RWY 36 SIDs/STARs RWY 07 APV Baro. VNAV BRI RWY 25 APV Baro. VNAV AOY ILS RWY 22 APV Baro. VNAV Dep RWY 35 L/R Dep RWY 04 L/R Design Arr RWY 22 L/R because there are none Dep 04 R Italy MXP PSA VCE RATF Meetring 18 BRU, 30 May 2012

IATA LIST PRNAV and RNP APCH Luxembourg LUX PRNAV SIDs/STARs Netherlands AMS PRNAV SIDs/STARs APV APCH Arr RWY 27 Dep RWY 24, 36 C, 18 C Norway OSL SVG TRD WAW PRNAV SIDs/STARs Portugal LIS PRNAV SIDs/STARs Romania small / airports Poland RATF Meetring medium APV APCH procedures 19 BRU, 30 May 2012

IATA LIST PRNAV and RNP APCH Spain Sweden Switzerland RATF Meetring MAD PMI BCN AGP TFS LPA BCN MAD ARN GOT MMX AGH GVA ZRH PRNAV SIDs/STARs PRNAV SIDs/STARs Dep RWY 25 L/R Dep RWY 36 L/R RNP APCH APV 33 L/R PRNAV SIDs/STARs PRNAV SIDs/STARs Dep RWY 16 20 BRU, 30 May 2012

IATA LISTPRNAV and RNP APCH UK PRNAV SIDs/STARs PRNAV SIDs/STARs LHR STN LTN BHX EDI LGW MAN RATF Meetring 21 BRU, 30 May 2012

IATA Issues with EASA AMC 20 -27 and CM 002 ä Aircraft airworthiness and approval criteria are ä ä ä too stringent overly conservative for airlines and for aircraft manufacturers to comply with interpreting the ICAO PANS-OPS design criteria improperly ä No consultation with experts or with aircraft operators ä As a consequence ä ä RATF Meetring a proper proliferation and implementation of RNP APCH including APV/Baro-VNAV are stalling and safety improvements have to wait unacceptably long investments of airlines in costly navigation avionics cannot be recouped. 22 BRU, 30 May 2012

IATA Issues with EASA AMC 20 -27 and CM 002 ä Stringent elevation criteria of airports with surrounding terrain above 5000 ft MSL will jeopardize airline operations into airports like ADD, JNB, JRO, NBO, Quito ä ä operations are heavily dependent on the availability of the vertical guidance APV/Baro. VNAV circling approach and/or NPA are the only alternatives ä The ban of Baro. VNAV operations above 5000 ft altitude is artificial ä RATF Meetring aircraft operators compliant with FAA AC 20 -129 are not confronted with such limitations which after all are based on the same data (non level playing field) 23 BRU, 30 May 2012

IATA Issues with EASA AMC 20 -27 and CM 002 ä Getting out of the stalemate by accepting airline and OEMs expertise ä Focus on the implementation of targeted safety measures instead of adding costly and cumbersome regulations that do little to improve safety ä Compliance with ICAO PBN RATF Meetring 24 BRU, 30 May 2012