Pathophysiology HPRS 2201 Lab Practical Overview Terminology Etiology

Pathophysiology HPRS 2201 Lab Practical Overview

Terminology • • • Etiology (DAMNIT) for Systems/Organs Pathogenesis Disease process and outcomes reportable diseases Cancer: specific types and related terms Terms for adaptive changes Inflammation (signs, word part, etc) Clinical Terms for Medical Records Homeostasis

Cell Alterations • Cell Response to injury • Plasma membrane – Structure – Transport mechanisms • Nucleus – Membrane – DNA • Cytoplasm – Cytosol – Organelles • Membranous • Nonmembranous

Fluid Alterations Composition Tonicity Hormonal controls Amount – Dehydration – Overhydration • Location – ICF – Edema • •

Electrolyte Alterations • Definitions • Hormone control • Increases (Hyper-) – Cations – Anions • Decreases (Hypo-) – Cations – Anions

Acid/Base Problems • Definitions – – – Acid Base p. H Buffer CO 2 formula • Acidosis – Metabolic – Respiratory • Alkalosis – Metabolic – Respiratory

Genetics • Definitions • Chromosomal changes – Number – Structure • Inheritance Patterns Autosomal Dominant Autosomal Recessive Autosomal Co. Dominant Autosomal Incomplete Dominant – Sex (X-Linked) – –

Immune Alterations • Definitions – Immunity – Antigen • Cytokines • Antibodies • WBC (5 types) • Immune Response – Normal – Decreased – Increased

Cancer • Terms – oma – carcino • Specific types (tissue) – Adeno – Sarco • Benign vs. Malignant • Metastasis stages • Treatment options

Environmental Diseases • Environmental Pollution – Air – Pneumoconiosis • Chemicals – Heavy metals – Cleaning agents – CO – Drugs • Physical Injury/Trauma – Mechanical – Thermal – Radiation • Nutritional • Vectors/Insects

Integumentary Alterations • Wound healing • Burns • Epidermis – Cells – Layers • Dermis • Hypodermis • Accessory structures – Hair follicle/Hair – Glands • Sebaceous • Sweat – Nails

Neurological Alterations • • Neurons Neurotransmitters Neuroglia CNS – – Brain Spinal Cord Meninges CSF • PNS Sensory and Motor – Special – Somatic – Visceral

Sensory Alterations • • Special Sensory – Eye • Adnexa • Globe – Ear • Hearing • Balance/Equilibrium – Olfaction – Gustation Somatosensory – Pain-Temp – Touch-Pressure – Position

Endocrine Alterations • Pituitary – Anterior – Posterior – Hypothalamic control • • Pineal Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal – Cortex (3 regions) – Medulla • Secondary Organs • Feedback mechanisms

Female Reproductive Alterations • Ovaries – Cycle – Hormones • • • Oviduct (Fallopian tube) Uterus Vagina External Genitalia Breast tissue

Male Reproductive Alterations • Testes – Sperm development – Hormones • • Epididymus Vas (Ductus) Defrens Urethra Accessory Organs – Prostate • External Genitalia – Scrotum – Penis

Development Alterations • • • Reproductive Issues Pregnancy Issues Zygote – Fertilization – Hereditary – Twins • • Implantation Extra Embryonic Membranes – – • • Placenta Umbilical Cord Amnion Yolk Sac Circulation Labor/Delivery Congenital Birth Defects Inherited Conditions

Blood Disorders • Plasma • RBC – Structure (size / shape) – Number / Function – Color • WBC – 5 Types – Number / Function • Platelets • Coagulation Process

Cardiac Alterations • • Development Pericardial Sac Chambers / Septal wall Cardiac Wall – Endocardium – Myocardium – Epicardium (sac) Valves (4) Blood Circuits – Pulmonary – Systemic – Cardiac EKG: dysrythmias Shock

Blood Vessel Alterations • Artery – Tunica Interna – Tunica Media • Veins – Valves – Tunica Externa • Capillaries • Fluid Dynamics

Lymphatic System Alterations • Lymphatic Vessels – Valves – Fluid (Lymph) • Lymph node • Spleen • Tonsils

Pulmonary Disorders • Anatomy – Pleura – Upper Respiratory • Conduction passageways – Lower Respiratory • Gas exchange – Alveoli – Lungs • Physiology – Respiratory gases – Gas Exchange phases

Digestive Disorders • Anatomy – Upper GI • Primary Organs • Accessory Organs – Lower GI • Primary Organs • Accessory Organs • Physiology – Metabolism – Nutrition

Urinary Disorders • Kidneys – Anatomy • Gross • Histo (Nephron) – Physiology • Filtration • Reabsorption • Secretion • Ureter • Urinary Bladder • Urethra • Urinalysis

Skeletal Disorders • Skeletal Tissue • Spongy (cancellous) bone • Compact bone • Ligaments • Joints • Skeleton – Axial • • Skull Vertebra Hyoid Thoracic cage – Appendicular • Girdles • Upper appendages • Lower appendages

Muscular Disorders • Muscle Tissue Anatomy – Sarcomere – Contractile proteins – Neuromuscular junction • Tendons • Gross Muscles – Head/Neck – Trunk • Thorax • Abdomen • Pelvic floor – Arm – Leg