Pathology of the Respiratory System Medical Terminology Medical

Pathology of the Respiratory System Medical Terminology

Medical Specialists • Pulmonologist • Otolaryngologist • Otorhinolaryngologist

• Auscultation = examination technique that uses the sense of hearing • Stethoscope is often used to amplify the sound • Normal lung sounds

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases COPD Asthma - allergic rx coughing, wheezing edema & inflam. of muc. memb production of thick mucus spasms of airways

COPD (cont) • Emphysema – chronic loss of function - decrease in number of alveoli - progresive destruction - rapid resp, SOB - lungs expand - chest is barrel shaped - crackles

COPD (cont) • Smoker’s respiratory syndrome – SRS * cough * wheezing * hoarseness * pharyngitis * SOB * susceptibility to URI

Upper Respiratory Diseases • Allergic rhinitis – “hay fever” • Croup – obstruction, hoarseness, barking cough - occurs is children < 5 y/o - very frightening - caused by viral infection

• Diptheria – bacterial URI

• Pertussis – whooping cough • - bortadella pertussis, bacteria • - very contagious •

Common Maladies • Epistaxis • Rhinorrhea • Pharyngitis • Laryngitis

Emphysema

Tuberculosis

• • atalectasis hemothorax hemoptysis • • pulmonary edema

Pneumonia • • Bacterial Viral Lobar Double Aspiration Mycoplasma (walking pneumonia) bronchopneumonia

• Tachypnea • Bradypnea • Apnea sleep apnea Dyspnea Hyperpnea Hypopnea Hyperventilation

• • Anoxia Asphyxia Hypoxia Cyanosis

SIDS Sudden Infant Death Syndrome • AKA Crib Death • Ages 2 weeks – 1 year • Apparently healthy infants

Terminology • • Respiratory Rate important diagnostic tool simple to perform; noninvasive Normal range for adults = 15 – 20 Pulmonary Function Tests Phlegm Sputum Cyanosis

• • Bronchodilator Bronchoconstrictor Mantoux test (PPD) Chest x-ray Thoracentesis Ventilator Postural drainage Respirator

What is a yawn?