PASTORAL AND AGRO PASTORAL AREAS POLICY CONTEXT ANALYSIS

PASTORAL AND AGRO PASTORAL AREAS POLICY CONTEXT ANALYSIS Enrich and Update the Draft Policy and Strategy Framework Tilahun Asmare Learning and Knowledge Management Advisor

1. Introduction Continental and Regional Polices • Pan-African policy framework: Promoting pastoral mobility, secure land rights, harmonizing policies, identifying the needs of pastoralists and empowering them • Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) : A Livestock Policy Initiative to ensure that livestock potential is understood, articulated and strategically built into poverty reduction processes National Polices Making Process • The Ethiopian Constitution on pastoralists 1995 • Article 40: Ethiopian pastoralists have the right to free land for grazing as well as the right not to be displaced from their own lands. • Article 41: Pastoralists have the right to receive fair prices for their products • 2003 rural development policy • the need to focus on livestock development, specifically recognizing the need to develop livestock feed and water supply • market and marketing infrastructure challenges, market institutions, and the need for improving livestock production that fulfills the demand of consumers • Ministry of Federal affairs, 2008 draft policy: Reduce sole reliance on livestock through human capital development and diversification of sources of income • GTP II : Rangeland pasture land management Strengthening and expansion of animal health service • Draft PAP policy and strategy framework of Mo. FPDA: based on Sectoral Policies 2

2. The Draft Pastoralist Development Policy Framework 2017 • The Mo. FPDA reorganized during Oct 2015 with Missions of Ensuring Pastoral Equitable Development, Sustainable Peace and Building Consensus on Same Economic & Political Space in the Nation. • Drafted Pastoral Development Policy & Strategy Framework by reviewing and bringing together sector specific & fragmented pastoralist policies and strategies • The policy document includes two pillars and 13 major policy statements • The core of the policy pillars is water centered sedentraization and modernizing agricultural sector in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas. • USAID/Mercy Corps supported to enrich and update the draft policy, • Conducted study and Six Consultative workshops to verify the findings and further refine the information and conclusions gathered • Discussions with regional and woreda officials, community representatives, and stakeholders’ consultation workshops show that the core of the policy should be livestock, pastoralists and their way of life and should aim at reducing vulnerability and building resilience. • The context analysis follows a systems perspective to understand the complex PAP way of life focusing on the following six major components: 3

3. 1 Livelihood policy recommendation Animal health • Government facilitation and incentives to attract private animal health services • Policy to support improved disease related information flow • Strengthen community based animal health service Livestock Feed • Improve livestock feeds (fodder production, forage cultivation, etc. ) • Promote ecologically sound water point development and distribution that considers temporal and spatial variability in the availability of forage Livestock marketing • Policy to enable the expansion of ICT and communication services e. g. for market information; access to finance; pasture availability; mobile banking • Livestock market policy which addresses blockages that benefits producers e. g. market linkage; formalizing cross border trade • Policy to promote value-added livestock production and trade (e. g. , fodder production, improved breed (selection), meat processing, and local feedlots ) 4

3. 1 Livelihood policy recommendation Rangeland • Need for a comprehensive land use policy: resource assessment, land use planning and enforcement (which into consideration vision of pastoral livelihoods) • Expand communal range land management and certification • Policy to support range science education and research • Support implementation of national invasive species management policy • Policy to enhance the capacity of pastoralists in rangeland management skills Diversification • Policies and strategies for diversification of adaptable and context specific livelihoods: extension services- e. g. adaptable crop varieties, BDS and market linkages; benefit sharing • Policy to enable pastoral drop outs to enter into urban life and to different livelihoods. • Diversification/crop production should be supported by science and technology to be adaptive to changing and variable climate 5

3. 2 Disaster Risk Reduction policy recommendations • Improved policy and planning for drought and response • Policy to focus on building resilience that focuses on wealth/asset and opportunity creation • Need for a comprehensive natural resource management and land use policy • Commercial destocking needs to be incorporated into DRR system with lessons learned from previous experiences. • Incentives for consistent livestock offtake, not just during periods of drought. Especially pastoral area traders – linked to larger facilities – fattening, abattoirs. • Policy to enhance innovative coping mechanisms: E. g. Species diversification; Shifting to more drought resistant species and crops; and, Commercially sourcing feed/food 6

3. 3 Basic Services Policy Recommendation Health • Policy that consider peculiarities of the ecology, social system, and geographical locations • Investment framework to integrate road networks, mobile communication, electricity and ambulance services Education • Curriculum and methods of delivery need to consider the pastoral context • Context based and flexible academic calendar • Policy to promote school feeding programs , • boarding schools, and competitive payment for highly motivated teachers • School construction and sustaining teachers need the provision of basic services such as water, mobile network, and at least certain centers Water • Strategies for sustainable water development that take into account NRM & sustainable livelihood options through community participation • Policy and investment framework for improved operation & maintenance 7

3. 4 Governance and capacity building Recommendation • Legitimize pastoralist governance of rangeland resources, improving governance capacity • Recognition of communal land rights (communal certification and enforcement) • Clear mandate for coordination state and non state actors programs and also accounting sectoral bureaus (e. g. Oromia Pastoral Commission) • Policy to focus on physical and human capacity building for government implementation agencies based on the gaps. • Policy needs to strengthen institutions that support the pastoralist way of life. • Land use/planning policy and implementation that recognizes the rights of pastoralists and improves their production system • Value local knowledge and practices and guide complimenting scientific knowledge to inform local decisions and development initiatives • Policy and strategies that show long term vision and goals of pastoralist livelihood taking into consideration – GENDER, HTP, HIV/AIDS, ENVIRONMENT 8

3. 5 Conflict and peace Policy recommendations: • Policy on conflict management must enhance the inter-regional and inter-governmental collaboration. • It should strengthen customary conflict resolution and management mechanism. • It should support the traditional and indigenous practices for safer and legally regulated and protected inter and intra-community mobility. 9

3. 6 Policy dialogue and advocacy recommendation • Pastoralism and policy support for industrialization of the livestock sector should be the center of the policy • Commune system to be considered as a safety net primarily for pastoral drop outs, but to be open for others, not undermining the mobile production system • Policy to enable co-existence (with benefit sharing) of mega projects with the pastoral way of life. • Inclusive and participatory planning and management of mega projects • Policy to promote pastoralists (region) to be share holders of mega projects; • Policy to set aside some irrigated land from mega projects to fodder production to meet the needs of pastoralists • Skill development and employment for pastoral drop outs • By products need to benefit pastoralists – policy to force this change • Contextualize AU and IGAD policy frameworks that advocate for cross-border mobility and trade • Policy to inform linkages between universities/ research institutions and sectoral ministries 10

Thank you 11