Past Tense Simple Past Tense Past Continuous Tense

Past Tense ØSimple Past Tense ØPast Continuous Tense ØPast Perfect Continuous Tense

Simple Past Tense STRUCTURE Subject + V 2(Past form) He played He did not play Did he play? Did he not play?

To describe events, actions and situations that occurred in the past and are now finished. 1. I wrote a novel last year

2. To describe a situation that existed over a period of time in the past. She lived in Nagpur during her childhood. 3. To describe past habits I played cricket every evening in my childhood.

4. To express a desirable or an unreal state of things I wish I became the president of India. 5. To express polite enquiries often with verbs like hope, think, or wonder I hope you would excuse me.

6. After certain phrases like as if, as though, it’s time etc. He talks as if he knew every thing about it. It’s time I went to bed. 7. The shorter of the two past actions happened at the same time.

CLUE WORDS ago, yesterday, last, then, at that time, once up on a time, long ago etc.

Past Continuous Tense STRUCTURE S. No Subject 1 First Person singular( I) 2 Third Person singular(He, She, It) 3 First Person plural(we) 4 Second Person singular& plural(You) 5 Third Person plural (They) Verb form was V 1+ ing were

� She was reading � She was not reading � Was she reading? � Was she not reading? � They were reading � They were not reading � Were they reading? � Were they not reading?

USAGE 1. An action which was going on at sometime in the past. We were playing cricket at 10 am yesterday. 2. The longer of the two past actions happened at the same time. When I was eating my breakfast, the bell rang.

CLUE WORDS all the yesterday, the whole Sunday , yesterday at 5 p. m etc.

Past Perfect Tense STRUCTURE Subject + had + V 3 (past participle) He had written He had not written Had he written? Had he not written?

The past perfect tense is used to express an action which was completed before another action started in the past. The thief had left the place before the police arrived.

CLUE When two actions happened one after another in the past, the earlier of the two actions is used in the past perfect tense. When I went to the railway station the train had already left.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense STRUCTURE Subject + had + been + ‘V 1+ ing’ She had been waiting She had not been waiting Had she not been waiting?

The past perfect continuous tense is used to refer to some action which began before a certain point in the past and continued till that time in the past. They had been living in Andaman before the tsunami occurred

� SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE � FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE � FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Simple Future Tense STRUCTURE Subject + will/shall + V 1 She will sing She will not sing Will she not sing?

1. To indicate an action which takes place in future. She will meet me tomorrow. 2. To predict what we think will happen. One day people will travel to Mars.

CLUE WORDS tomorrow, day after tomorrow, next week, next month, next year , in 2020 (any future year) etc.

The Simple Future Tense is used to express pure or colourless future. When the future is coloured by intention or likelihood, ‘be+ going to + ‘V 1+ing’ form is used. It is going to rain. (likelihood) He is going to buy a car. (intention)

Future Continuous Tense STRUCTURE Subject + will/ shall + be + ‘V 1+ ing’ He will be driving He will not be driving? Will he drive? Will he not drive?

The Future Continuous Tense is used to express an action going on at some point in future time She will be writing the exam tomorrow at 10 am

Future Perfect Tense STRUCTURE Subject + will/shall + have + V 3(past participle) I will have bought I will not have bought Will I have bought? Will I not have bought ?

The Future Perfect Tense is used to express an action which will be completed by a certain future time. I will have constructed my house by next year CLUE WORDS by next year, by 2020 etc.

Future Perfect Continuous Tense STRUCTURE Subject + will/shall + have + been + ‘V 1+ing’ You will have been teaching You will not have been teaching Will you have been teaching? Will you not have been teaching?

The Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express an action that will be in progress over a period of time in the future. I will have been teaching English for sixteen years by next year.

Tenses in Conditional Clauses Type Verb form Clause I Simple Present(V 1) If you work hard, Simple Past(V 2) If you worked hard, II III in If Verb form in Main Result Clause Simple Future (will+V 1) you will pass would +V 1 you would pass Possible happen to Improbable Past Perfect would + have + V 3 Unfulfilled/ (had+V 3) you would have Impossible If you had worked passed hard,